Table 1.
Characteristics of the pro-WELL sample (N = 266)
| Caregiving romantic partners (N = 133) | Care-receivers, persons with SCI (N = 133) | ICC (95% CI) | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Characteristic [n missing values caregiving romantic partners, care-receivers] | n (%) | Mean (SD); Median (IQR) | n (%) | Mean (SD); Median (IQR) | Within-dyad comparison | |
| Baseline | Sociodemographic characteristics | |||||
| Age (in years) [0,0] | 50.2 (10.1); 52.0 (16.0) | 51.7 (9.4); 53.0 (16.0) | 0.79 (0.72, 0.84) | |||
| Female gender [0,0] | 98 (73.7) | 35 (26.3) | - | |||
| Education (in years) [2, 7] | 14.0 (3.1); 13.5 (4.0) | 13.9 (3.2); 13.0 (4.0) | 0.27 (0.14, 0.46) | |||
| Financial hardship | 39 (33.1) | 38 (31.9) | 0.55 (0.32, 0.76) | |||
| Paid employment [0,0] | 94 (70.7) | 79 (59.4) | 0.27 (0.09, 0.57) | |||
| Lesion characteristics | ||||||
| Lesion severity [2] | ||||||
| Incomplete paraplegia | - - | 45 (34.4) | - - | |||
| Complete paraplegia | - - | 49 (37.4) | - - | |||
| Incomplete tetraplegia | - - | 24 (18.3) | - - | |||
| Complete tetraplegia | - - | 13 (9.9) | - - | |||
| Aetiology [3] | ||||||
| Traumatic | 109 (83.8) | |||||
| Non-traumatic | 21 (16.2) | |||||
| Objective caregiver burden | ||||||
| Duration of daily care (in hours) [8] | 1.7 (3.3); 1.0 (2.0) | - - | - - | |||
| Duration of caregiving (in years) [7] | 17.9 (10.9); 15.5 (17.0) | - - | - - | |||
| Number of ADL tasks (range 0–12) [11] | 2.0 (2.8); 1.0 (3.0) | - - | - - | |||
| Number of IADL tasks (range 0–10) [10] | 3.6 (2.8); 3.0 (4.0) | - - | - - | |||
| Subjective caregiver burden | ||||||
| Zarit Burden Interview (range 0–48) [1] | 6.6 (7.0); 4.0 (9.0) | - - | - - | |||
| Social relationships | ||||||
| Loneliness (UCLA-SF) (range 0–6) [4,0] | 0.8 (1.3); 0.0 (1.0) | 1.2 (1.4); 1.0 (2.0) | 0.14 (0.03, 0.42) | |||
| Relationship quality (QRI) (range 0–24) [1] | 20.2 (3.5); 21.0 (4.0) | 20.9 (3.0); 22.0 (3.0) | 0.39 (0.25, 0.55) | |||
| Social support (range 0–10) [2, 5] | 6.6 (2.1); 6.0 (3.0) | 7.0 (1.7); 7.0 (2.0) | 0.09 (0.01, 0.48) | |||
| Social network (SNI) [3] | 3.7 (1.1); 4.0 (1.5) | 4.1 (1.0); 4.0 (2.0) | 0.40 (0.27, 0.56) | |||
| 6 Months | Social relationships | |||||
| Loneliness (UCLA-SF) (range 0–6) [4,0] | 0.9 (1.4); 0.0 (2.0) | 1.2 (1.4); 1.0 (2.0) | 0.10 (0.01, 0.46) | |||
| Relationship quality (QRI) (range 0–24) [1, 3] | 20.7 (3.3); 21.0 (3.0) | 20.9 (3.0); 22.0 (3.0) | 0.29 (0.16, 0.47) | |||
| Social support (range 0–10) [2, 10] | 5.2 (1.7); 5.0 (1.0) | 7.0 (1.7); 7.0 (2.0) | 0.00 (0.00, 0.00) | |||
| Social network (SNI) [3] | 3.7 (1.1); 4.0 (1.5) | 4.1 (1.0); 4.0 (2.0) | 0.40 (0.27, 0.56) | |||
| 12 Months | Health outcomes (SF-12) (range 0–100) | |||||
| Mental health [4, 6] | 70.8 (14.8); 70.0 (20.0) | 69.3 (18.5); 70.0 (20.0) | 0.24 (0.11, 0.45) | |||
| Vitality [4] | 60.5 (20.1); 60.0 (40.0) | 56.0 (22.6); 60.0 (40.0) | 0.13 (0.03, 0.42) | |||
| Bodily pain intensity [4] | 40.6 (31.2); 40.0 (60.0) | 52.4 (29.1); 60.0 (40.0) | 0.00 (0.00, 0.00) | |||
| General health [4] | 57.1 (18.8); 60.0 (20.0) | 48.6 (18.9); 60.0 (20.0) | 0.00 (0.00, 0.00) | |||
Abbreviations: ADL Activities of daily living, CI Confidence interval, CHF Swiss Francs, IADL Instrumental activities of daily living, ICC Intra-class correlation, IQR Interquartile range, QRI Quality of relationship inventory, SCI Spinal cord injury, SD Standard deviation, SNI Social network index