Table 1.
Risk factors for empyema after diaphragmatic trauma. General information
| Variable | Value | Empyema | p | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| No | Yes | |||
| Patients, n (%) | 233 | 214 (91.8%) | 19 (8.2%) | |
| Age, median (IQR) | 27 (22–35) | 27 (22–35) | 26 (22–30) | 0.4051 |
| Sex | 0.5942 | |||
| Female, n (%) | 28 (12.0) | 26 (12.5) | 2 (10.5) | |
| Male, n (%) | 205 (88.0) | 188 (87.9) | 17 (89.5) | |
| Trauma mechanism | 0.3652 | |||
| MVA, n (%) | 5 (2.2) | 4 (1.9) | 1 (5.3) | |
| Assault, n (%) | 3 (1.3) | 3 (1.4) | 0 (–) | |
| Explosion, nn (%) | 4 (1.7) | 4 (1.9) | 0 (–) | |
| Stab wound, n (%) | 49 (21.0) | 48 (22.4) | 1 (5.3) | |
| Gunshot, n (%) | 170 (72.9) | 153 (71.5) | 17 (89.4) | |
| Other, blunt, n (%) | 2 (0.9) | 2 (0.9) | 0 (–) | |
| SBP, mm Hg, median (IQR) | 112 (97–130) | 112.5 (97–130) | 110 (86–127) | 0.4261 |
| RR, breath/min, median (IQR) | 22 (19–26) | 22 (19–26) | 20 (18–26) | 0.1101 |
| GCS, median (IQR) | 15 (15–15) | 15 (15–15) | 15 (14–15) | 0.4231 |
| RTS, median (IQR) | 7.84 (7.11–7.84) | 7.84 (7.11–7.84) | 7.84 (7.11–7.84) | 0.6721 |
| ISS, median (IQR) | 25 (14–34) | 23 (14–33) | 29 (14–35) | 0.2411 |
| NISS, median (IQR) | 29 (18–43) | 29 (18–43) | 41 (34–50) | 0.0011 |
| ATI, median (IQR) | 17 (10–26) | 16 (9–26) | 23 (13–38) | 0.0311 |
| Associated trauma | ||||
| Head/neck, n (%) | 23 (9.9) | 21 (9.8) | 2 (10.5) | 1.0002 |
| Face, n (%) | 42 (18.0) | 35 (16.4) | 7 (36.8) | 0.0542 |
| Extremities, n (%) | 64 (27.5) | 58 (27.1) | 6 (31.6) | 0.7892 |
| External, n (%) | 95 (40.8) | 87 (40.7) | 8 (42.1) | 1.0002 |
IQR interquartile rank, MVA motor vehicle accident, SBP systolic blood pressure, RR respiratory rate, RTS Revised Trauma Score, ISS Injury Severity Score, NISS New Injury Severity Score, ATI Abdominal Trauma Index
1Wilkoxon–Mann–Whitney
2Fisher’s exact test