FIG 4.

Astrocytes are not infected by macrophage-tropic or R5 or X4 T cell-tropic HIV-1, and inflammation does not potentiate infection. (A to C) Primary astrocytes (A), transformed human astrocytes (B), and human iPSC-derived astrocytes (C) were treated with 10 ng/mL and 100 ng/mL lipopolysaccharide (LPS) or interferon alpha (IFN-α) for 24 h and then infected with HIV-1 luciferase reporter viruses pseudotyped with patient-derived R5 macrophage-tropic (blue), R5 T cell-tropic (red), or X4 T cell-tropic envelope proteins. Untreated control groups are labeled “Con” within each Env group. Negative-control viruses (cyan) lacked an envelope protein, whereas the positive-control viruses (pink) were pseudotyped with vesicular stomatitis virus G protein, which is capable of infecting a wide range of mammalian cells. The average magnitude difference between the positive and negative control was 790× in primary astrocytes, 164,689× in transformed astrocytes, and 351,361× for iPSC-derived astrocytes. Infection was measured in relative light units (RLUs) via luminometer. N = 3 technical replicates.