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. 2022 Sep 14;130:63–94. doi: 10.1016/j.jhin.2022.09.007

Table IV.

Sources of fomites in included studies

Source High-frequency touch surfaces Low-frequency touch surfaces
Patients' rooms/wards Call bells, bedside tables, medical equipment, cell phones, bedrails, tissues, washcloths.
Healthcare workers' (HCWs) stations.
Hospital equipment: ventilator, endotracheal tube straps, floor, intravenous pump, arterial line plunger, X-ray machine, medication cart, etc.).
Outside patients' rooms/wards Ward telephones, computer keyboards, clinical equipment (syringe pumps, urinary catheters), hand-cleaning facilities (hand-washing basins, alcohol gel dispensers). Air vent, floors, tables.
In the community Cold-chain containers at dockyards, and food surfaces (bulk rice, chicken, cheese, fruits).