TABLE 5.
Scope of legal exemptions or amendment for genome-edited plants established or proposed in the jurisdictions considered.
| Jurisdiction/status in the legal process | Scope of legal exemption/amendment | Permission/notification needed [P, N, none] | Risk assessment requirements [GMO-RA, specific RA, none] b | Labelling requirements [GMO labelling, specific, none] c |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| United States/established | Cisgenesis, intragenesis Deletion(s) of any size; Targeted substitutions of a single base pair; edits from sequences which are known to correspond in the plants natural gene pool. GMO with known plant/trait interaction | P | None | None |
| Canada/established | Cisgenesis (not novel) | N | GMO-RAa | None |
| Australia/established | No DNA inserted (SDN1); RNAi (not inserted in genome) | P | None | None |
| Japan/established | No DNA/RNA inserted, e.g. SDN1; cisgenesis | N | None | None |
| New Zealand/established | No exemptions | P | GMO-RA | Not yet specified |
| EU/discussion proposal | Cisgenesis, SDN1, SDN2 | Not yet specified | Not yet specified | Not yet specified |
| Norway/discussion proposal | Cisgenesis, intragenesis, SDN1 | N d | None | Specific |
| Switzerland/discussion proposal | Absence of transgenes | Not yet specified | Not yet specified | Not yet specified |
a
If considered novel.
b
GMO-RA: same risk assessment as for GMOs; specific: specific risk assessment required - would be helpful to add some details on the specific procedure in the footnote to the table.
c
GMO labelling: same labelling required as for GMOs; specific: specific labelling required—please, describe in the footnote to the table.
d
Proof of absence of off-target mutations required.
GMO-RA, same risk assessment requirements as for GMOs; GMO-labelling, same labelling requirements as for GMOs; P, permission; N, notification.