FIG. 3.

Identifying the site of inattention in awake surgery. This artistic scheme demonstrates how we use intraoperative testing to guide resection. A coronal view shows our descent (black arrow) as the patient performs an attention task during dissection of subcortical white matter of the frontal lobe. When the patient struggles with the task, this tells us to redirect laterally (white arrow) to avoid the cingulum bundle. Stimulation is continued until the tumor is dissected off the lateral portion of the cingulate gyrus down to the corpus callosum. X = callosal sulcus. Figure is available in color online only.