TABLE 2.
Effect of AWV use on detection of cognitive impairment or dementia
| Age‐adjusted difference | Model 1 (OLS) | Model 2 (IV, 2SLS) | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Estimate (95% CI) | p‐value | 1st stage (95% CI) | F‐statistic | 2nd Stage (95% CI) | p‐value | ||
| All | −1.28 | −0.79 (−0.87, −0.76) | <0.001 | 1.22 (1.21, 1.23) | 17,410 | 0.47 (0.14,0.80) | 0.005 |
| White | −1.38 | −0.82 (−0.85, −0.80) | <0.001 | 1.24 (1.23, 1.25) | 19,206 | 0.40 (0.05, 0.75) | 0.024 |
| Black | −0.91 | −0.83 (−0.96, −0.71) | <0.001 | 0.90 (0.87, 0.94) | 1,253 | 2.00 (0.05, 3.95) | 0.044 |
| Hispanic | 0.13 | −0.29 (−0.41, −0.15) | <0.001 | 1.20 (1.16, 1.24) | 827 | 0.37 (−1.40, 2.13) | 0.684 |
| Asian/PI | −0.37 | −0.37 (−0.52, −0.23) | <0.001 | 1.17 (1.06, 1.25) | 298 | −0.28 (−3.50, 2.94) | 0.864 |
Notes: N (full sample) = 9,911,237; model 1 and 2 estimates multiplied by 100 to reflect percentage points; AWV instrumented with county‐level change in AWV. Model 1 and 2 adjusted for age, low‐income subsidy, dual enrollment status, comorbidities, and zip‐code level percent high school grads and median income; robust standard errors clustered on the beneficiary.
Abbreviation: PI, Pacific Islanders.