Table 6. Determinants of herbal medicine use using multivariate logistic regression.
| OR (95% CI) | p-value | p-value backward selection procedure (likelihood-ratio test) | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Age, years | <0.001 | ||
| 15–24 | - | - | |
| 25–44 | 1.24 (0.93–1.67) | 0.15 | |
| 45–64 | 1.53 (1.14–2.03) | 0.004 | |
| 65+ | 0.99 (0.70–1.40) | 0.95 | |
| Gender, female | 2.41 (2.01–2.89) | <0.001 | <0.001 |
| Educational level | <0.001 | ||
| Primary education | - | - | |
| Secondary education | 1.43 (1.10–1.87) | 0.008 | |
| Tertiary education | 1.82 (1.37–2.42) | <0.001 | |
| Nationality | <0.001 | ||
| Swiss | - | - | |
| Northern/western European | 0.97 (0.73–1.29) | 0.84 | |
| South European | 0.64 (0.44–0.92) | 0.02 | |
| Eastern European | 0.66 (0.43–1.01) | 0.05 | |
| Non-European | 0.32 (0.13–0.78) | 0.01 | |
| Linguistic region | <0.001 | ||
| German-speaking incl. Romansh-speaking Switzerland | - | - | |
| French-speaking Switzerland | 1.64 (1.40–1.92) | <0.001 | |
| Italian-speaking Switzerland | 1.03 (0.77–1.39) | 0.82 | |
| Body mass index | 0.048 | ||
| Underweight | 1.07 (0.74–1.55) | 0.72 | |
| Normal | - | - | |
| Overweight | 1.01 (0.85–1.21) | 0.91 | |
| Obese | 0.72 (0.53–0.97) | 0.03 | |
| Physical disorder in the past 4 weeks | <0.001 | ||
| None or few | - | - | |
| Moderate | 1.13 (0.93–1.37) | 0.22 | |
| Severe | 1.65 (1.32–2.05) | <0.001 | |
| Allergies | 1.23 (1.04–1.45) | 0.02 | 0.005 |
| Intensity of headache or migraine in the past 4 weeks | <0.001 | ||
| None | - | - | |
| Moderate | 0.99 (0.83–1.19) | 0.93 | |
| High | 0.57 (0.40–0.82) | 0.002 | |
| Impact of health concerns on lifestyle | <0.001 | ||
| Living without thinking about health | - | - | |
| Health concerns affect lifestyle | 1.98 (1.45–2.70) | <0.001 | |
| Health concerns determine lifestyle | 2.12 (1.51–2.98) | <0.001 | |
| Physical activity | 0.007 | ||
| None | - | - | |
| Partially active | 1.43 (0.96–2.14) | 0.08 | |
| Sufficiently active, trained | 1.63 (1.12–2.39) | 0.01 | |
| Fruit and/or vegetable consumption | <0.001 | ||
| < 5 days/week | - | - | |
| 0–2 portions/day, ≥5 days/week | 1.51 (1.05–2.16) | 0.02 | |
| 3–4 portions/day, ≥5 days/week | 1.62 (1.13–2.32) | 0.008 | |
| ≥5 portions/day, ≥5 days/week | 1.94 (1.35–2.79) | <0.001 | |
| Last cannabis consumption | 0.001 | ||
| None | - | - | |
| >12 months | 1.11 (0.92–1.34) | 0.27 | |
| ≤ 12 months | 1.25 (0.74–2.10) | 0.40 | |
| ≤ 30 days | 1.92 (1.29–2.84) | 0.001 | |
| Mastery | <0.001 | ||
| Low | 1.73 (1.41–2.12) | <0.001 | |
| Moderate | 1.29 (1.07–1.56) | 0.007 | |
| High | - | - |
OR = odds ratio; CI = confidence interval
Full model included age, gender, education level, marital status, occupation, nationality, linguistic region, body mass index, physical disorder in the past 4 weeks, sleep disorder, long-lasting or chronic disease/condition (≥ 6 past months), allergies, cancer, intensity of headache or migraine in the past 4 weeks, psychological distress in the past 4 weeks, depression in the past 2 weeks, impact of health concerns on lifestyle, physical activity, fruit and/or vegetable consumption, daily tobacco consumption, last cannabis consumption, mastery, consultation with general practitioner in the past 12 months, consultation with other medical specialists (except gynecologist) in the past 12 months, survey weights.