Table 3.
Pooled correlations between collective effervescence and criterion variables.
| Criterion Variables | Effect sizes | Heterogeneity | (80% CI Pred. Intv.) | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Dimension | Variable | k | N | r (95% CI) | rho (95% CI) | Q(df) | I 2 | τ2 (SE) | |
| Proximal outcomes | |||||||||
| Individual emotions | Arousal | 14 | 48,316 | 0.443 (0.322, 0.564) | 0.506 (0.367, 0.646) | Q(13) = 180.020*** | 95.42 | 0.046 (0.020) | (0.158, 728) |
| Negative emotions | 14 | 2,028 | 0.047 (−0.053, 0.147) | 0.056 (−0.057, 0.168) | Q(13) = 71.198*** | 78.23 | 0.025 (0.013) | (−0.166, 260) | |
| Positive emotions | 22 | 5,834 | 0.547 (0.468, 0.625) | 0.608 (0.526, 0.690) | Q(21) = 239.707*** | 94.30 | 0.030 (0.011) | (0.318, 0.775) | |
| ST emotions | 17 | 5,340 | 0.577 (0.500, 0.653) | 0.641 (0.559, 0.723) | Q(16) = 171.312*** | 92.90 | 0.021 (0.009) | (0.385, 0.769) | |
| Communal sharing | Ingroup ID | 14 | 3,253 | 0.456 (0.351, 0.562) | 0.498 (0.389, 0.608) | Q(13) = 302.072*** | 92.69 | 0.034 (0.015) | (0.211, 0.702) |
| FI Verbal | 5 | 1,031 | 0.694 (0.660, 0.729) | 0.734 (0.686, 0.781) | Q(4) = 6.958 | 6.94 | 0.000 (0.001) | (0.668, 0.721) | |
| FI Pictorial | 11 | 1,504 | 0.347 (0.250, 0.444) | 0.364 (0.262, 0.466) | Q(10) = 48.937*** | 71.66 | 0.016 (0.011) | (0.173, 0.521) | |
| Social Support | 12 | 4,135 | 0.334 (0.247, 0.421) | 0.376 (0.278, 0.473) | Q(11) = 181.691*** | 89.64 | 0.020 (0.010) | (0.143, 0.526) | |
| Distal outcomes | |||||||||
| Collective emotions | Negative climate | 5 | 1,357 | 0.017 (−0.105, 0.138) | 0.026 (−0.118, 0.170) | Q(4) = 19.967*** | 77.81 | 0.015 (0.012) | (−0.157, 0.190) |
| Positive climate | 4 | 1,159 | 0.248 (0.089, 0.406) | 0.328 (0.095, 0.562) | Q(3) = 25.025*** | 86.13 | 0.022 (0.019) | (0.030, 0.465) | |
| Social integration | Ingroup commitment | 7 | 123,962 | 0.372 (0.288, 0.456) | 0.418 (0.326, 0.510) | Q(6) = 1484.496*** | 99.24 | 0.011 (0.007) | (0.229, 0.515) |
| Ingroup ID (extended) | 8 | 75,139 | 0.320 (0.205, 0.435) | 0.368 (0.230, 0.505) | Q(7) = 150.888*** | 94.23 | 0.024 (0.014) | (0.106, 0.534) | |
| Social values and beliefs | ST beliefs | 5 | 4,231 | 0.435 (0.278, 0.592) | 0.484 (0.319, 0.650) | Q(4) = 126.216*** | 96.51 | 0.030 (0.020) | (0.192, 0.678) |
| ST values | 4 | 1,103 | 0.335 (0.282, 0.387) | 0.379 (0.329, 0.430) | Q(3) = 2.699 | 0.06 | 0.000 (0.002) | (0.300, 0.369) | |
| Purpose in life | 8 | 4,478 | 0.358 (0.232, 0.484) | 0.436 (0.295, 0.577) | Q(7) = 291.422*** | 94.70 | 0.027 (0.016) | (0.131, 0.585) | |
| Spirituality | 5 | 1,416 | 0.374 (0.284, 0.464) | 0.415 (0.315, 0.515) | Q(4) = 17.660*** | 73.38 | 0.007 (0.007) | (0.249, 0.499) | |
| Empowerment | Vitality | 5 | 1,411 | 0.243 (0.180, 0.305) | 0.247 (0.184, 0.311) | Q(4) = 7.153 | 30.91 | 0.002 (0.003) | (0.178, 0.308) |
| Wellbeing | 17 | 6,188 | 0.316 (0.236, 0.395) | 0.354 (0.264, 0.445) | Q(16) = 158.663*** | 89.84 | 0.021 (0.009) | (0.121, 0.510) | |
| Self esteem | 5 | 829 | 0.154 (0.023, 0.285) | 0.201 (0.027, 0.374) | Q(4) = 20.120** | 73.42 | 0.016 (0.014) | (−0.030, 0.337) | |
| Collective efficacy | 7 | 1,471 | 0.464 (0.391, 0.537) | 0.508 (0.437, 0.579) | Q(6) = 20.594*** | 64.71 | 0.006 (0.005) | (0.357, 0.572) | |
| Collective self-esteem | 7 | 1,497 | 0.421 (0.284, 0.558) | 0.485 (0.327, 0.643) | Q(6) = 46.607*** | 90.80 | 0.027 (0.018) | (0.191, 0.651) | |
k is the number of studies and N the number of participants included in the analysis. r and rho (95% CI) indicate pooled Pearson's rs and rhos (i.e., the estimation of the effect with a correction for reliability) and their 95% confidence intervals. Q(df ) indicate Q heterogeneity test and its degrees of freedom. I2 indicate a percentage indicating the relationship between residual and unaccounted heterogeneity. τ2 and (SE) indicate the estimated amount of residual heterogeneity and its standard error. (80% CI Pred. Intv.) represents the 80% confidence intervals of prediction intervals (Riley et al., 2011). *, **, ***, indicate p < 0.05, 0.01, and 0.001, respectively.