Table 4.
Pooled correlations between collective effervescence and criterion variables moderated by type of collective gathering.
| Residual heterogeneity | Test of moderators | Effect size | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Dimension | Variable | QE(df) | QM(df) | k | N | r (95% CI) |
| Proximal outcomes | ||||||
| Individual emotions | Arousal | QE(10) = 148.122, p < 0.001 | QM(1) = 0.146, p = 0.703 | 8 | 622 | 0.413 (0.222, 0.603) |
| 4 | 1,013 | 0.474 (0.221, 0.727) | ||||
| 2 | 46,681 | |||||
| Negative emotions | QE(11) = 47.373, p < 0.001 | QM(1) = 2.915, p = 0.088 | 8 | 755 | 0.139 (0.004, 0.273) | |
| 5 | 1,163 | −0.041 (−0.191, 0.01) | ||||
| 1 | 110 | |||||
| Positive emotions | QE(19) = 213.662, p < 0.001 | QM(1) = 0.792, p = 0.373 | 11 | 3,754 | 0.585 (0.466, 0.705) | |
| 10 | 1,970 | 0.508 (0.386, 0.629) | ||||
| 1 | 110 | |||||
| ST emotions | QE(14) = 149.430, p < 0.001 | QM(1) = 0.010, p = 0.922 | 9 | 3,516 | 0.579 (0.458, 0.701) | |
| 7 | 1,714 | 0.571 (0.444, 0.697) | ||||
| 1 | 110 | |||||
| Communal sharing | Ingroup ID | QE(11) = 74.172, p < 0.001 | QM(1) = 0.205, p = 0.651 | 576 | 0.517 (0.380, 0.655) | |
| 6 | 1,501 | 0.472 (0.33, 0.611) | ||||
| 1 | 1,176 | |||||
| FI pictorial | QE(9) = 46.328, p < 0.001 | QM(1) = 2.306, p = 0.129 | 6 | 249 | 0.434 (0.286, 0.581) | |
| 5 | 1,255 | 0.283 (0.157, 0.410) | ||||
| – | – | |||||
| Social support | QE(9) = 109.526, p < 0.001 | QM(1) = 0.906, p = 0.341 | 1 | 213 | ||
| 8 | 2230 | 0.363 (0.248, 0.479) | ||||
| 3 | 1692 | 0.257 (0.071, 0.443) | ||||
| Distal outcomes | ||||||
| Social integration | Ingroup commitment | QE(4) = 1471.167, p < 0.001 | QM(1) = 0.075, p = 0.784 | 3 | 911 | 0.340 (0.182, 0.499) |
| 1 | 409 | |||||
| 3 | 122642 | 0.371 (0.221, 0.521) | ||||
| Social values and beliefs | Purpose in life | QE(6) = 185.414, p < 0.001 | QM(1) = 0.068, p = 0.794 | 3 | 2918 | 0.329 (0.083, 0.575) |
| 6 | 1602 | 0.369 (0.197, 0.541) | ||||
| - | - | |||||
| Empowerment | Wellbeing | QE(13) = 142.684, p < 0.001 | QM(1) = 0.232, p = 0.630 | 5 | 3421 | 0.346 (0.168, 0.524) |
| 10 | 2611 | 0.294 (0.183, 0.406) | ||||
| 2 | 156 | |||||
| Collective efficacy | QE(5) = 8.569, p = 0.128 | QM(1) = 5.169, p = 0.023 | 3 | 342 | 0.367 (0.256, 0.478) | |
| 4 | 1129 | 0.519 (0.449, 0.588) | ||||
| – | – | |||||
| Collective self-esteem | QE(4) = 31.835, p < 0.001 | QM(1) = 0.466, p = 0.495 | 3 | 288 | 0.383 (0.128, 0.639) | |
| 3 | 1099 | 0.501 (0.280, 0.723) | ||||
| 1 | 110 | |||||
k is the number of studies and N the number of participants included in the analysis. r (95% CI) indicates pooled Pearson's rs and their 95% confidence intervals. QE(df ) indicate the Q test of the residual heterogeneity test (i.e., after the moderation) and its degrees of freedom; QM(df ) indicate the Q test of comparison between the effect sizes between the levels of the moderator and its degrees of freedom. Moderator levels of type of gathering are 1 = Demonstration, 2 = Celebration, and 3 = Religious event. Dashes indicate that no study included the level and black spaces indicate that a given level was excluded due to no reaching the minimum condition for moderation analyses (i.e., k = 3).