Affluence only		Time + Affluence		Armed conflict only		Time + Armed conflict
	National portraits gallery	Web gallery of art	National portraits gallery	Web gallery of art	National portraits gallery	Web gallery of art	National portraits gallery	Web gallery of art
year			0.11 ± 0.02 z = 5.46 p < 0.001	0.05 ± 0.01 z = 3.54 p < 0.001			0.14 ± 0.02 z = 7.55 p<0.001	0.05 ± 0.01 z = 4.13 p < 0.001
Number of book titles per capita	0.35 ± 0.06 z = 6.15 p <0.001	0.29 ± 0.10 z = 2.77 p = 0.006	0.21 ± 0.06 z = 3.45 p = 0.001	0.14 ± 0.11 z = 1.26 p = 0.208
Presence of an armed conflict					0.01 ± 0.05 z = 0.30 p > 0.250	0.00 ± 0.03 z =−0.01 p > 0.250	0.05 ± 0.05 z = 1.05 p > 0.250	−0.01 ± 0.03 z = −0.39 p > 0.250
Control variables
Perceived dominance	−0.78 ± 0.02 z = −40.10 p < 0.001	−0.75 ± 0.02 z = −54.29 p < 0.001	−0.79 ± 0.02 z = −40.85 p < 0.001	−0.74 ± 0.01 z = −54.13 p < 0.001	−0.78 ± 0.02 z = −39.79 p < 0.001	−0.74 ± 0.01 z = −54.85 p < 0.001	−0.79 ± 0.02 z=−40.74 p < 0.001	−0.74 ± 0.02 z=−54.86 p < 0.001
Gender	−0.31 ± 0.06 z = −5.27 p <0.001	−0.33 ± 0.03 z = −11.13 p < 0.001	−0.29 ± 0.06 z = −5.09 p < 0.001	−0.32 ± 0.03 z = −10.52 p < 0.001	−0.37 ± 0.06 z = −6.41 p < 0.001	−0.33 ± 0.03 z = −11.51 p < 0.001	−0.33 ± 0.06 z = −5.68 p<0.001	−0.31 ± 0.03 z = − 10.49 p < 0.001
Age	−0.00 ± 0.00 z = −1.35 p = 0.178		−0.00 ± 0.00 z = −2.49 p = 0.013		0.00 ± 0.00 z = 0.21 p > 0.250		−0.00 ± 0.00 z = −2.01 p = 0.044
Sample
N	1962	3801	1962	3801	1962	3927	1962	3927