Table 2.
Differences between Intestinal-Type and Diffuse-Type Gastric Cancer According to Reproductive Factors in Total, Postmenopausal and Premenopausal Females
| Variable | Total females | Postmenopausal females | Premenopausal females | ||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Diffuse (n=274) | Intestinal (n=150) | p-value | Diffuse (n=172) | Intestinal (n=126) | p-value | Diffuse (n=102) | Intestinal (n=24) | p-value | |||
| Age, yr | 53.98±11.55 | 63.02±10.33 | <0.001* | 60.69±8.03 | 65.99±8.05 | <0.001* | 42.68±6.80 | 47.41±6.06 | 0.002* | ||
| <40 | 31 (11.3) | 4 (2.7) | <0.001* | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | <0.001* | 31 (30.4) | 4 (16.7) | 0.161 | ||
| 40–49 | 62 (22.6) | 14 (9.3) | 9 (5.1) | 2 (1.5) | 53 (52.0) | 12 (50.0) | |||||
| 50–59 | 90 (32.8) | 31 (20.7) | 72 (41.9) | 23 (18.3) | 18 (17.6) | 8 (33.3) | |||||
| 60–69 | 67 (24.5) | 54 (36.0) | 67 (39.0) | 54 (42.9) | 0 | 0 | |||||
| ≥70 | 24 (8.8) | 47 (31.3) | 24 (14.0) | 47 (37.3) | 0 | 0 | |||||
| Smoking | |||||||||||
| Never | 235 (85.8) | 132 (88.0) | 0.519 | 154 (89.5) | 112 (88.9) | 0.859 | 81 (79.4) | 20 (83.3) | 0.665 | ||
| Ex/current smoker | 39 (14.2) | 18 (12.0) | 18 (10.5) | 14 (11.1) | 21 (20.6) | 4 (16.7) | |||||
| Drinking | |||||||||||
| No | 168 (61.3) | 104 (69.3) | 0.100 | 119 (69.2) | 94 (74.6) | 0.306 | 49 (48.0) | 10 (41.7) | 0.573 | ||
| Yes | 106 (38.7) | 46 (30.7) | 53 (30.8) | 32 (25.4) | 53 (52.0) | 14 (58.3) | |||||
| Body mass index, kg/m2† | |||||||||||
| <25 | 203 (80.2) | 102 (77.3) | 0.496 | 123 (75.5) | 86 (76.8) | 0.800 | 80 (88.9) | 16 (80.0) | 0.281 | ||
| ≥25 | 50 (19.8) | 30 (22.7) | 40 (24.5) | 26 (23.2) | 10 (11.1) | 4 (20.0) | |||||
| Helicobacter pylori infection† | |||||||||||
| Negative | 116 (67.1) | 78 (72.2) | 0.362 | 45 (38.1) | 25 (26.6) | 0.076 | 12 (21.8) | 5 (35.7) | 0.309 | ||
| Positive | 57 (32.9) | 30 (27.8) | 73 (61.9) | 69 (73.4) | 43 (78.2) | 9 (64.3) | |||||
| Age at menarche, yr | 15.25±1.80 | 15.81±1.89 | 0.003* | 15.63±1.75 | 16.07±1.82 | 0.034* | 14.62±1.71 | 14.46±1.61 | 0.679 | ||
| <14 | 44 (16.1) | 13 (8.7) | 0.033* | 19 (11.0) | 6 (4.8) | 0.053 | 25 (24.5) | 7 (29.2) | 0.637 | ||
| ≥14 | 230 (83.9) | 137 (91.3) | 153 (89.0) | 120 (95.2) | 77 (75.5) | 17 (70.8) | |||||
| Fertility duration, year | 30.25±6.80 | 31.89±5.70 | 0.008* | 50.26±6.01 | 50.83±5.39 | 0.399 | 26.56±5.79 | 31.04±5.40 | 0.001* | ||
| <30 | 103 (37.6) | 48 (32.0) | 0.250 | 35 (20.3) | 38 (30.2) | 0.052 | 68 (66.7) | 10 (41.7) | 0.023* | ||
| ≥30 | 171 (62.4) | 102 (68.0) | 137 (79.7) | 88 (69.8) | 34 (33.3) | 14 (58.3) | |||||
| No. of live births | |||||||||||
| 0 | 31 (11.3) | 5 (3.3) | <0.001* | 11 (6.4) | 4 (3.2) | <0.001* | 20 (19.6) | 1 (4.2) | 0.139 | ||
| 1 | 35 (12.8) | 20 (13.3) | 13 (7.6) | 17 (13.5) | 22 (21.6) | 3 (12.5) | |||||
| 2 | 157 (57.3) | 60 (40.0) | 102 (59.3) | 42 (33.3) | 55 (53.9) | 18 (75.0) | |||||
| ≥3 | 51 (18.6) | 65 (43.3) | 46 (26.7) | 63 (50.0) | 5 (4.9) | 2 (8.3) | |||||
| Breast feeding† | |||||||||||
| Never & <6 mo | 119 (44.6) | 38 (26.8) | <0.001* | 59 (35.5) | 25 (21.2) | 0.009* | 60 (59.4) | 13 (54.2) | 0.640 | ||
| ≥6 mo | 148 (55.4) | 104 (73.2) | 107 (64.5) | 93 (78.8) | 41 (40.6) | 11 (45.8) | |||||
| Use of contraceptives† | |||||||||||
| No | 143 (71.5) | 80 (70.8) | 0.895 | 89 (73.6) | 64 (68.8) | 0.447 | 54 (68.4) | 16 (80.0) | 0.307 | ||
| Yes | 57 (28.5) | 33 (29.2) | 32 (26.4) | 29 (31.2) | 25 (31.6) | 4 (20.0) | |||||
| <1 yr | 46 (80.7) | 24 (72.7) | 0.417 | 24 (75.0) | 20 (69.0) | 0.640 | 22 (88.0) | 4 (100.0) | 1.000 | ||
| ≥1 yr | 11 (19.3) | 9 (27.3) | 8 (25.0) | 9 (31.0) | 3 (12.0) | 0 | |||||
| Hysterectomy/oophorectomy status | |||||||||||
| No hysterectomy/oophorectomy | 236 (86.1) | 128 (85.3) | 0.130 | 144 (83.7) | 105 (83.3) | 0.535 | 92 (90.2) | 23 (95.8) | 0.330 | ||
| Hysterectomy with no ovary removed | 10 (3.6) | 12 (8.0) | 9 (5.2) | 11 (8.7) | 1 (1.0) | 1 (4.2) | |||||
| Oophorectomy without hysterectomy | 16 (5.8) | 4 (2.7) | 9 (5.2) | 4 (3.2) | 7 (6.9) | 0 | |||||
| Hysterectomy + ovaries removed (number unknown) |
12 (4.4) | 6 (4.0) | 10 (5.8) | 6 (4.8) | 2 (1.9) | 0 | |||||
| Hormone replacement therapy† | |||||||||||
| Never & past <1 yr | 149 (89.8) | 104 (87.4) | 0.533 | ||||||||
| Past ≥1 yr & current | 17 (10.2) | 15 (12.6) | |||||||||
| Years since menopause | |||||||||||
| <10 yr | 87 (50.6) | 38 (30.2) | <0.001* | ||||||||
| 10–20 yr | 57 (33.1) | 45 (35.7) | |||||||||
| ≥20 yr | 28 (16.3) | 43 (34.1) | |||||||||
| Menopausal status | |||||||||||
| Premenopausal | 102 (37.2) | 24 (16.0) | <0.001* | ||||||||
| <10 yr after menopause | 87 (31.8) | 38 (25.3) | |||||||||
| 10–20 yr after menopause | 57 (20.8) | 45 (30.0) | |||||||||
| ≥20 yr after menopause | 28 (10.2) | 43 (28.7) | |||||||||
| Tumor location † | |||||||||||
| Lower | 101 (37.0) | 84 (57.1) | <0.001* | ||||||||
| Middle | 142 (52.0) | 38 (25.9) | |||||||||
| Upper | 30 (11.0) | 25 (17.0) | |||||||||
| Tumor number† | |||||||||||
| Single | 269 (96.4) | 146 (97.3) | 0.358 | ||||||||
| Multiple | 8 (2.9) | 4 (2.7) | |||||||||
| Tumor size, cm | 4.14±5.62 | 4.59±5.68 | 0.435 | ||||||||
Data are presented as the mean±SD or number (%). H. pylori infection status was evaluated in a small portion of gastric cancer patients.
*Statistically significant, p<0.05; †Some data were missing.