Table 4.

High ASCVD Risk Associated with MAFLD and Significant Liver Fibrosis

Adjustment	Fibrosis-4 index, OR (95% CI)			NAFLD fibrosis score, OR (95% CI)
	MAFLD	Significant liver fibrosis		MAFLD	Significant liver fibrosis
Model 1	4.44 (3.53–5.59) p<0.001	1.64 (1.40–1.92) p<0.001		3.53 (2.81–4.43) p<0.001	2.40 (2.02–2.86) p<0.001
Model 2	4.52 (3.49–5.86) p<0.001	1.76 (1.46–2.13) p<0.001		3.61 (2.79–4.67) p<0.001	2.53 (2.05–3.13) p<0.001
Model 3	4.72 (3.57–6.24) p<0.001	1.88 (1.54–2.29) p<0.001		3.92 (2.97–5.18) p<0.001	2.72 (2.18–3.39) p<0.001
Model 4	1.49 (1.09–2.05) p=0.014	1.87 (1.53–2.31) p<0.001		1.44 (1.05–1.98) p=0.023	1.74 (1.35–2.23) p<0.001

Model 1: adjusted for sex and age (per 20 years). Model 2: adjusted for sex, age (per 20 years), exercise, current smoking, alcohol consumption, and previous ASCVD history. Model 3: adjusted for sex, age (per 20 years), exercise, current smoking, alcohol consumption, previous ASCVD history, chronic kidney disease, hyper-LDL cholesterolemia, and muscle mass. Model 4: adjusted for sex, age (per 20 years), exercise, current smoking, alcohol consumption, previous ASCVD history, chronic kidney disease, muscle mass, glycemic status (prediabetes, diabetes), hypertension, and hypertriglyceridemia.

ASCVD, atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease; MAFLD, metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease; OR, odds ratio; CI, confidence interval; NAFLD, nonalcoholic fatty liver disease; LDL, low-density lipoprotein.