Table 2.
Bivariate and multivariate comparisons of total vitamin D levels according to adiposity categories, overall and stratified by sex, CoLaus|PsyCoLaus study, Lausanne.
| N | Overall | Women | Men | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Bivariate | Multivariate | N | Bivariate | Multivariate | N | Bivariate | Multivariate | ||
| Body mass index | |||||||||
| Underweight | 102 | 56.5 ± 29.9 | 52.6 ± 1.9 | 81 | 59.4 ± 30.1 | 55.9 ± 2.2 | 21 | 45.3 ± 26.8 | 42.4 ± 3.9 |
| Normal | 3012 | 50.2 ± 23.3 | 49.5 ± 0.4 | 1869 | 51.4 ± 23.2 | 51.0 ± 0.5 | 1143 | 48.1 ± 23.4 | 47.3 ± 0.5 |
| Overweight | 2377 | 46.3 ± 21.5 | 46.6 ± 0.4 | 963 | 46.1 ± 20.5 | 46.1 ± 0.6 | 1414 | 46.4 ± 22.2 | 46.8 ± 0.5 |
| Obesity | 994 | 40.6 ± 20.3 | 42.1 ± 0.6 | 488 | 39.6 ± 19.7 | 41.8 ± 0.9 | 506 | 41.4 ± 20.9 | 42.2 ± 0.8 |
| p-value | < 0.001 | < 0.001* | < 0.001 | < 0.001* | < 0.001 | 0.945* | |||
| Abdominal obesity | |||||||||
| Normal | 4572 | 49.1 ± 23.0 | 49.0 ± 0.3 | 2286 | 50.7 ± 23.1 | 50.5 ± 0.4 | 2286 | 47.5 ± 22.9 | 47.3 ± 0.4 |
| Obesity | 1913 | 43.3 ± 21.1 | 43.5 ± 0.4 | 1115 | 43.8 ± 20.9 | 44.2 ± 0.6 | 798 | 42.5 ± 21.3 | 43.2 ± 0.7 |
| p-value | < 0.001 | < 0.001 | < 0.001 | < 0.001 | < 0.001 | < 0.001 | |||
| Waist to height ratio | |||||||||
| Normal | 2487 | 51 ± 23.9 | 50.4 ± 0.4 | 1715 | 51.7 ± 23.5 | 51.3 ± 0.5 | 772 | 49.5 ± 24.7 | 48.5 ± 0.7 |
| Obesity | 3998 | 45.1 ± 21.5 | 45.5 ± 0.3 | 1686 | 45.1 ± 21.1 | 45.5 ± 0.5 | 2312 | 45.1 ± 21.7 | 45.4 ± 0.4 |
| p-value | < 0.001 | < 0.001 | < 0.001 | < 0.001 | < 0.001 | < 0.001 | |||
| Conicity index | |||||||||
| Normal | 2501 | 49.8 ± 23.2 | 49.6 ± 0.4 | 1538 | 50.2 ± 22.7 | 50.1 ± 0.5 | 963 | 49.3 ± 23.9 | 48.9 ± 0.6 |
| Elevated | 3984 | 45.8 ± 22.1 | 46.0 ± 0.3 | 1863 | 47.0 ± 22.4 | 47.0 ± 0.5 | 2121 | 44.8 ± 21.8 | 45.0 ± 0.4 |
| p-value | < 0.001 | < 0.001 | < 0.001 | < 0.001 | < 0.001 | < 0.001 | |||
| BRI quartiles | |||||||||
| First | 1625 | 51.6 ± 24.1 | 51.0 ± 0.5 | 854 | 53.1 ± 23.9 | 52.7 ± 0.7 | 772 | 49.5 ± 24.7 | 48.8 ± 0.7 |
| Second | 1622 | 49.3 ± 22.8 | 49.2 ± 0.5 | 861 | 50.3 ± 23.1 | 50.3 ± 0.7 | 772 | 47.6 ± 22.0 | 47.6 ± 0.7 |
| Third | 1622 | 46.6 ± 21.4 | 46.1 ± 0.5 | 836 | 47.7 ± 21.1 | 47.5 ± 0.7 | 773 | 45.4 ± 21.5 | 45.0 ± 0.7 |
| Fourth | 1616 | 42.1 ± 21.0 | 43.1 ± 0.5 | 850 | 42.5 ± 20.9 | 43.1 ± 0.7 | 767 | 42.4 ± 21.4 | 43.4 ± 0.7 |
| p-value | < 0.001 | < 0.001* | < 0.001 | < 0.001* | < 0.001 | < 0.001* | |||
| ABSI quartiles | |||||||||
| First | 1622 | 48.8 ± 22.4 | 48.6 ± 0.5 | 851 | 48.7 ± 22.2 | 49.0 ± 0.7 | 771 | 49.2 ± 23.7 | 49.4 ± 0.7 |
| Second | 1621 | 48.2 ± 22.7 | 48.2 ± 0.5 | 850 | 47.8 ± 21.8 | 47.7 ± 0.7 | 771 | 47.1 ± 21.8 | 46.6 ± 0.7 |
| Third | 1621 | 47.5 ± 22.8 | 47.4 ± 0.5 | 850 | 48.9 ± 23.5 | 49.3 ± 0.7 | 771 | 45.0 ± 22.3 | 45.4 ± 0.7 |
| Fourth | 1621 | 45.0 ± 22.4 | 45.3 ± 0.5 | 850 | 48.3 ± 23.0 | 47.6 ± 0.7 | 771 | 43.6 ± 22.1 | 43.6 ± 0.7 |
| p-value | < 0.001 | < 0.001* | 0.805 | 0.426* | < 0.001 | < 0.001* | |||
*p-value for linear trend. BRI, body roundness index; ABSI, a body shape index. Results are expressed in nmol/L of vitamin D and as mean standard ± deviation for bivariate analyses or as adjusted mean ± standard error for multivariate analyses. Statistical analysis using ANOVA. Multivariate analysis adjusting for age (continuous), nationality (Swiss, other), month, smoking categories (never, former, current), vitamin D supplementation (yes, no) and physical activity (yes, no); for the overall analysis, adjustment on sex (men, women) was also performed.