Fig. 1.

Reconstruction of DBS electrodes in the training (Berlin, A) and the test (Würzburg, B) cohorts. Electrodes are visualized in standard stereotactic Montreal Neurological Institute (MNI) space using Lead-DBS. Displayed brain structures are defined by the DISTAL atlas (Ewert et al., 2018) and include subthalamic nucleus (orange), globus pallidus externus (blue) and globus pallidus internus (green). Note that the exact choice of the electrode placement depends on the patients’ specific symptom profiles, anatomical variability (e.g. ventricle size, atrophy, asymmetry), and methodological limitations during image processing. Moreover, having distributed electrodes is beneficial when probing DBS effects on various neural substrates in the context of connectomic DBS.