Table 1.

Cohort Demographics and Clinical Outcomes.

Cohort	No. (female)	Age, years	Disease duration, years	MDS-UPDRS-III Pre-op baseline	UPDRS-III Post-op baseline	(MDS-) UPDRS-III DBS-on Med-off
Training	15 (2)	$62.4\pm 6.2$	$12.8\pm 4.8$	—	$40.6\pm 8.8$	$23.3\pm 8.7$
Test	19 (7)	$55.5\pm 5.7$	$9.8\pm 3.4$	$43.3\pm 9.4$	—	$22.3\pm 9.6$

The training cohort was evaluated according to UPRDS-III (Unified Parkinson Disease Rating Scale, motor examination), and MDS-UPDRS-III (movement Disorder Society sponsored revision) was used in the test cohort; the scores are linearly dependent. Mean values$\pm$standard deviations are reported. In the test cohort, baseline (off medication, DBS-off) was assessed preoperatively and in the training cohort at least 6 months after surgery. For each patient in the training cohort two stimulation protocols were documented:$21.5\pm 8.8$and$25.1\pm 8.3$, respectively, with the score difference over the cohort$3.6\pm 7.3$. Note that despite the age difference between the cohorts (t  = 3.26, p  < 0.01), there was no significant difference in gray matter-to-brain ratio (t = −0.22, p  = 0.82), computed based on segmentations in native space.