Table 2.
Multivariable-adjusted association of plant-based diet index, healthy plant-based diet index, and unhealthy plant-based diet index with incident erectile dysfunction among men from the Health Professionals Follow-Up study stratified by age.
| Quintile of plant-based diet index (PDI) | ||||||
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | P for trend | |
| Age <60 y | ||||||
| Events/person-years, No. | 199 / 11272 | 197 / 11514 | 213 / 12162 | 194 / 11948 | 191 / 11206 | |
| Event rate, per 1000 person-years | 17.7 | 17.1 | 17.5 | 16.2 | 17.0 | |
| Index score, mean (SD) | 46.0 (2.6) | 51.1 (1.0) | 54.5 (0.9) | 57.9 (1.0) | 63.2 (2.9) | |
| Multivariable model, HR (95% CI) | 1 (index) | 1.02 (0.84–1.24) | 1.09 (0.90–1.32) | 0.96 (0.78–1.17) | 1.00 (0.99–1.01) | >0.9 |
| Age 60 to <70 y | ||||||
| Events/person-years, No. | 731 / 19423 | 866 / 22233 | 907 / 24648 | 865 / 24345 | 791 / 23809 | |
| Event rate, per 1000 person-years | 37.6 | 39.0 | 36.8 | 35.5 | 33.2 | |
| Index score, mean (SD) | 45.9 (2.8) | 51.1 (1.1) | 54.5 (1.0) | 57.9 (1.0) | 63.3 (2.8) | |
| Multivariable model, HR (95% CI) | 1 (index) | 1.03 (0.94–1.14) | 0.97 (0.87–1.07) | 0.94 (0.85–1.04) | 0.91 (0.82–1.01) | 0.007 |
| Age ≥70 y | ||||||
| Events/person-years, No. | 890 / 13481 | 1172 / 17353 | 1302 / 19303 | 1352 / 20400 | 1422 / 21124 | |
| Event rate, per 1000 person-years | 66.0 | 67.5 | 67.5 | 66.3 | 67.3 | |
| Index score, mean (SD) | 45.7 (2.9) | 51.0 (1.1) | 54.5 (1.0) | 58.0 (1.1) | 63.3 (3.0) | |
| Multivariable model, HR (95% CI) | 1 (index) | 1.05 (0.96–1.15) | 1.01 (0.92–1.10) | 0.99 (0.90–1.08) | 1.03 (0.94–1.13) | 0.6 |
| Quintile of healthy plant-based diet index (hPDI) | ||||||
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | P for trend | |
| Age <60 y | ||||||
| Events/person-years, No. | 304 / 16720 | 208 / 13540 | 204 / 11331 | 160 / 9189 | 118 / 7323 | |
| Event rate, per 1000 person-years | 18.2 | 15.4 | 18.0 | 17.4 | 16.1 | |
| Index score, mean (SD) | 44.5 (3.2) | 50.7 (1.2) | 54.7 (1.1) | 58.6 (1.2) | 64.6 (3.2) | |
| Multivariable model, HR (95% CI) | 1 (index) | 0.89 (0.74–1.06) | 1.02 (0.85–1.22) | 0.96 (0.79–1.17) | 0.91 (0.73–1.14) | >0.9 |
| Age 60 to <70 y | ||||||
| Events/person-years, No. | 1032 / 26949 | 939 / 24695 | 833 / 22864 | 753 / 20578 | 603 / 19371 | |
| Event rate, per 1000 person-years | 38.3 | 38.0 | 36.4 | 36.6 | 31.1 | |
| Index score, mean (SD) | 44.8 (2.9) | 50.8 (1.2) | 54.7 (1.1) | 58.7 (1.2) | 64.8 (3.1) | |
| Multivariable model, HR (95% CI) | 1 (index) | 1.00 (0.91–1.09) | 0.95 (0.87–1.05) | 0.92 (0.84–1.02) | 0.82 (0.73–0.91) | <0.001 |
| Age ≥70 y | ||||||
| Events/person-years, No. | 1103 / 16054 | 1188 / 17794 | 1231 / 18389 | 1257 / 19073 | 1359 / 20351 | |
| Event rate, per 1000 person-years | 68.7 | 66.8 | 66.9 | 65.9 | 66.8 | |
| Index score, mean (SD) | 45.2 (2.7) | 50.9 (1.2) | 54.7 (1.1) | 58.7 (1.2) | 64.8 (3.3) | |
| Multivariable model, HR (95% CI) | 1 (index) | 0.96 (0.88–1.04) | 0.95 (0.87–1.03) | 0.94 (0.87–1.02) | 0.92 (0.84–0.99) | 0.06 |
| Quintile of unhealthy plant-based diet index (uPDI) | ||||||
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | P for trend | |
| Age <60 y | ||||||
| Events/person-years, No. | 132 / 8664 | 177 / 10997 | 215 / 11618 | 241 / 12843 | 229 / 13981 | |
| Event rate, per 1000 person-years | 15.2 | 16.1 | 18.5 | 18.8 | 16.4 | |
| Index score, mean (SD) | 45.4 (2.8) | 50.9 (1.1) | 54.7 (1.0) | 58.4 (1.1) | 64.2 (3.1) | |
| Multivariable model, HR (95% CI) | 1 (index) | 1.13 (0.90–1.41) | 1.36 (1.10–1.70) | 1.40 (1.13–1.74) | 1.27 (1.01–1.60) | 0.04 |
| Age 60 to <70 y | ||||||
| Events/person-years, No. | 810 / 21375 | 890 / 24220 | 846 / 23616 | 835 / 23224 | 779 / 22022 | |
| Event rate, per 1000 person-years | 37.9 | 36.8 | 35.8 | 36.0 | 35.4 | |
| Index score, mean (SD) | 45.1 (3.0) | 50.9 (1.1) | 54.6 (1.0) | 58.3 (1.1) | 63.9 (3.0) | |
| Multivariable model, HR (95% CI) | 1 (index) | 0.98 (0.89–1.08) | 0.99 (0.90–1.09) | 1.01 (0.91–1.11) | 1.02 (0.92–1.14) | 0.5 |
| Age ≥70 y | ||||||
| Events/person-years, No. | 1420 / 21198 | 1374 / 19719 | 1309 / 19258 | 1127 / 16823 | 908 / 14664 | |
| Event rate, per 1000 person-years | 67.0 | 69.7 | 68.0 | 67.0 | 61.9 | |
| Index score, mean (SD) | 45.2 (3.1) | 50.9 (1.1) | 54.6 (1.0) | 58.2 (1.1) | 63.9 (2.9) | |
| Multivariable model, HR (95% CI) | 1 (index) | 1.08 (1.00–1.16) | 1.05 (0.97–1.14) | 1.04 (0.96–1.13) | 0.97 (0.89–1.06) | 0.5 |
Abbreviations: CI = confidence interval; HR = hazard ratio; SD = standard deviation