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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2023 Oct 1.
Published in final edited form as: Curr Opin Organ Transplant. 2022 Aug 4:10.1097/MOT.0000000000001009. doi: 10.1097/MOT.0000000000001009

FIGURE 1.

FIGURE 1.

(a) The cellular interactions that result in the differentiation of naive alloreactive B cells into antibody-secreting plasmablasts and plasma cells. CTLA-4Ig interferes with CD28 binding to CD80/CD86, which facilitates cognate T-cell : B-cell interactions at the T: B interface and in the germinal center. As a result, the differentiation of extrafollicular and postgerminal center memory B cells and antibody-secreting cells is prevented. (b) Upon alloantigen reencounter, memory B cells preferentially differentiate into antibody-secreting cells in a T-cell-dependent manner. CTLA-4Ig inhibits memory B-cell differentiation into antibody-secreting cells. Proteasome inhibitors rapidly deplete plasma cells, whereas CTLA-4Ig induces a more gradual depletion of plasma cells. APC, antigen presenting cells; FDC, follicular dendritic cells presenting intact antigen complexes to B cells in the germinal center; GC, germinal center; MHC, major histocompatibility complex; Tfh, T-follicular helper; TCR, T-cell receptor.