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. 2022 Sep 14;12:15424. doi: 10.1038/s41598-022-19678-4

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© The Author(s) 2022

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Activated neurons in pGIC and A1. (A) Activated neurons in the the posterior granular insular cortex (pGIC). No significant differences were observed between the UL and the sham-treated group. (B) Activated neurons in the auditory cortex (A1). There were no significant differences in A1 between the UL and the sham-treated group on day 2 after surgery; however, there were significantly more activated neurons in A1 of the UL group than in the sham-treated group on day 7 after surgery. Error bars indicate the standard error of the mean.