TABLE 2.

Associated factors for the development of CED on training dataset.

Variables	Univariate analysis, OR (95%CI)	P-value	Multivariate analysis, OR (95%CI)	P-value
Age	1.01 (1.00–1.03)	0.063	1.01 (0.99–1.02)	0.44
Male	0.65 (0.45–0.94)	0.023
Hypertension	0.97 (0.67–1.39)	0.861
Hyperlipidemia	0.99 (0.42–2.32)	0.976
Atrial fibrillation/Atrial flutter	2.70 (1.84–3.97)	<0.001
Previous ischemic stroke/TIA	0.66 (0.37–1.16)	0.146
Valvular heart disease	1.00 (0.56–1.79)	0.992
Smoking	0.70 (0.48–1.04)	0.075
Alcohol consumption	0.67 (0.41–1.12)	0.128
Diabetes mellitus	0.51 (0.32–0.80)	0.003	0.36 (0.19–0.69)	0.002
Onset to admission time	0.96 (0.94–0.98)	<0.001
Baseline NIHSS	1.16 (1.13–1.19)	<0.001	1.10 (1.06–1.13)	<0.001
TOAST classification
Large artery atherosclerosis	13.95 (6.14–31.74)	<0.001	3.4 (1.36–8.49)	0.009
Cardioembolism	17.31 (7.63–39.28)	<0.001	3.19 (1.26–8.03)	0.014
Others	12.72 (5.45–29.71)	<0.001	5.44 (2.18–13.54)	<0.001
Small-artery occlusion	Reference		Reference
Occlusion site
Carotid occlusion	14.68 (8.40–25.66)	<0.001	6.85 (3.63–12.94)	<0.001
MCA occlusion (M1–M2)	5.89 (3.75–9.26)	<0.001	3.83 (2.19–6.69)	<0.001
No record or other	Reference		Reference
Endovascular treatment	2.28 (1.41–3.70)	0.001	0.41 (0.22–0.77)	0.005
Intravenous thrombolysis	1.70 (1.02–2.85)	0.044	1.19 (0.67–2.11)	0.56
Antihypertensive therapy	0.83 (0.57–1.21)	0.332
Insulin	0.81 (0.47–1.38)	0.43
Oral hypoglycemic agents	0.46 (0.26–0.80)	0.006
Antiplatelet	0.40 (0.23–0.70)	0.001
Statin	0.73 (0.43–1.22)	0.224
mTICI (2b/3)	0.29 (0.07–1.19)	0.087
RPG	0.98 (0.93–1.04)	0.535	1.03 (0.95–1.12)	0.52
SHR (per 0.1-point increases)	1.33 (1.24–1.43)	0.001	1.31 (1.20–1.42)	<0.001

OR, odds ratio; CI, confidence interval; TIA, transient ischemic attack; NIHSS, the National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale; TOAST, Trial of Org 10172 in Acute Stroke Treatment; MCA, middle cerebral artery; mTICI, modified Thrombolysis in Cerebral Infarction; RPG, random plasma glucose; SHR, stress hyperglycemia ratio.