Table 3.
Association between CVH score and tertiles of TPE.
| Overall CVH score | Models | n | TPE | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| T1 | T2 | T3 | AIC | p-trend | |||||
| (B, 95% CI) | p value | (B, 95% CI) | p value | ||||||
| All participants | Model 1 | 1151 | 0.21 (− 0.02; 0.43) | 0.070 | 0.25 (0.12; 0.38) | < 0.001 | 3336.26 | 0.031 | |
| Model 2 | 1144 | Reference | 0.17 (− 0.06; 0.40) | 0.140 | 0.19 (0.14; 0.25) | < 0.001 | 3230.34 | 0.028 | |
| Model 3 | 1050 | 0.11 (− 0.12; 0.34) | 0.329 | 0.13 (0.10; 0.15) | < 0.001 | 2953.36 | 0.003 | ||
| Boys | Model 1 | 607 | 0.15 (− 0.03; 0.32) | 0.095 | 0.20 (0.12; 0.29) | < 0.001 | 1813.87 | < 0.001 | |
| Model 2 | 604 | Reference | 0.13 (− 0.08; 0.34) | 0.232 | 0.18 (0.17; 0.19) | < 0.001 | 1765.86 | < 0.001 | |
| Model 3 | 551 | 0.08 (− 0.14; 0.31) | 0.452 | 0.13 (0.12; 0.14) | < 0.001 | 1600.82 | < 0.001 | ||
| Girls | Model 1 | 544 | 0.09 (− 0.17; 0.35) | 0.506 | 0.12 (− 0.08; 0.32) | 0.235 | 1523.74 | 0.235 | |
| Model 2 | 540 | Reference | 0.14 (− 0.07; 0.35) | 0.182 | 0.12 (− 0.07; 0.30) | 0.210 | 1461.21 | 0.210 | |
| Model 3 | 499 | 0.12 (− 0.04; 0.27) | 0.134 | 0.09 (− 0.07; 0.25) | 0.261 | 1359.07 | 0.261 | ||
Multilevel mixed-effect linear regression models were used to evaluate the relationship between tertiles of TPE and overall CVH score (continuous). Model 1: adjusted by gender (also interaction). Model 2: adjusted as in model 1 plus age, Tanner stage, fasting, and triglycerides. Model 3: adjusted as in model 2 plus parental education and household income. Municipalities and schools were included as a random effect. p value T3 vs. T1 of TPE, and p-trend of tertiles of TPE < 0.05 are statistically significant.
AIC, Akaike information criteria; B, non-standardized coefficient; CI, confidence interval; CVH, cardiovascular health; TPE, total polyphenol excretion expressed as mg gallic acid equivalent (GAE)/g creatinine; T1, first tertile of TPE (< 85.8 mg GAE/g creatinine); T2, second tertile of TPE (85.8–140.5 mg GAE/g creatinine); T3, third tertile of TPE (> 140.5 mg GAE/g creatinine).