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. 2022 Sep 14;12:15437. doi: 10.1038/s41598-022-19290-6

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© The Author(s) 2022

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Characterization of isolated ADSC phenotypes and the potential for lineage-specific differentiation. (A) The ADSCs isolated from adipose tissues adjacent to breast tumors were characterized by the expression of mesenchymal stem cell markers (CD44, CD90, and CD105) or hematopoietic lineage markers (CD34 and CD45). After culturing for three passages, the ADSCs showed the expression of CD44⁺/CD90⁺/CD105⁺/CD34^–/CD45^– cell surface markers which were analyzed by flow cytometry. (B) Representative images showed the undifferentiated ADSCs at passage 3 (ADSC P3), and these ADSCs were able to be induced to differentiate into three different cell lineages: adipocytes (adipogenesis), osteocytes (osteogenesis), and chondrocytes (chondrogenesis).