Figure 2.

Delivery of nanomedicines in ischemic tissues. The permeability of nanoparticles is low in normal vessels. When ischemic diseases occur, ischemia leads to vascular dysfunction, one manifestation of which is increased vascular permeability. The enhanced permeability allows the accumulation of the nanomedicines in ischemic tissue, regardless of the NPs with or without targeting ligands. The released cargo from the nanomedicines further induces the occurrence of neovascularization in ischemic tissue.