Figure 4.

Cutting-edge technologies to augment the security and durability of CAR-T cells. There are increasingly revolutionary technologies and researches applied in CAR-T cell therapy, which provide a bright guide to reshaping TIME. A Nanoparticles could achieve targeted delivery and prolong the retention time of carried drugs. Nanostimulant-engineered CAR-T cells not only could evoke robust anti-tumor efficacy and biosafety via immunofeedback but allow for controllable drug effects on CAR-T cells. I CAR-T cells penetrate the tumor location and elicit the first killing. II Secreting pro-inflammatory factors to trigger immune cells and endogenous T cells at the right moment could initiate secondary killing and form a positive anti-tumor cycle from CAR-T cells to T cells. III The cancer cells with CAR antigen loss could be recognized and killed by CAR-T cells delivering peptide antigen to cancer cells. B Radioactive material is extensively utilized and may have distinct immunomodulatory effects both locally and systemically. The combination of radiotherapy and CAR-T cell therapy could maximize the effect of immunotherapy. The separated T cells are directly labeled and genetically modified. The radiolabeled CAR-T cells are infused into tumor-bearing mice and monitored by PET/SPECT imaging. If the tumor worsens in tumor-bearing mice, then redesign and relabel the CAR-T cells with radioactive material.