Table 3.

Detailed examples of intermediate- and high-risk surgery

Intermediate-risk surgery	High-risk surgery
• Hip surgery	• Amputation (except toe/finger)
• Spine surgery (except vertebroplasty)	• Bowel perforation surgery
• Proximal bone surgery (including knee)	• Liver surgery
• Multiple bone fracture surgery	• Bile duct surgery
• Facial bone fracture surgery	• Duodeno-pancreas surgery
• Hollow viscus surgery (stomach, jejunum, colon, rectum)	• Arterial bypass surgery
• Hiatal hernia surgery	• Thoracic endovascular aortic repair
• Distal pancreas surgery	• Open thromboembolectomy
• Splenectomy	• Aorta, major vascular surgery
• Cholecystectomy	• Pneumonectomy
• Hysterectomy	• Lung transplantation
• Exploratory laparotomy	• Esophagectomy
• Nephrectomy	• Total cystectomy
• Kidney transplantation	• Adrenal resection
• Endovascular aortic repair
• Lung resection
• Neurosurgery (except transfemoral cerebral angiography)
• Symptomatic carotid artery surgery
• Neck surgery (except thyroid/parathyroid)