Table 1.

Defining and diagnosing CAPA according to the 2020 ECMM/ISHAM consensus criteria

Proven CAPA	Probable CAPA (Microbiology)	Probable CAPA BAL (Clinical factors)
SARS-CoV-2 + ARDS + ICU patients	SARS-CoV-2 + ARDS + ICU patients	SARS-CoV-2 + ARDS + ICU patients
Tracheal biopsy (Histology)	BAL + Microscopy /Aspergillus (positive)	Tracheobronchial ulceration
Invasive growth (Microscopy) +	BAL + Culture/PCR Aspergillus (positive)	Nodule
Culture/Aspergillus (positive) +	Serum + GM / Lateral flow assay (index > 0·5)	Pseudomembrane
PCR/Aspergillus (positive) +	BAL + GM / Lateral flow assay (index ≥ 1·0)	Plaque
Or a combination	Or a combination	Eschar or a combination

CAPA COVID-19-associated aspergillosis, SARS-CoV-2 severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2, ARDS acute respiratory distress syndrome, ICU intensive care unit, BAL bronchoalveolar lavage, GM enzyme immunoassay for galactomannan