Table 1. Comparison of the HER Catalytic Activities of M(II) IPA Complexes with Those of the Existing Transition Metal-Based Electrocatalyst.

si. no	electrocatalyst	electrolyte	overpotential (mV)	Tafel slope (mV dec–1)	reference
1.	NiSe2@NG	0.5 M H2SO4	248	74.2	(26)
2.	Mo2C-GNR’s	0.5 M H2SO4	167	74	(27)
3.	CoSx@MoS2	0.5 M H2SO4	239	103	(28)
4.	Ni@CNT’s	0.5 M H2SO4	261	88	(29)
5.	Pd@TiO2-H	0.5 M H2SO4	430	63	(30)
6.	PdMoS2	0.5 M H2SO4	137	70	(31)
7.	Pd(II) IPA/GrCC	0.5 M H2SO4	94.1	95.88	current work