Table 2.
Cross-sectional analysis of association of sleep duration and insomnia with metabolic syndrome and its components using logistic regression models
| MetS | Waist > 88 cm | Hypertension | Fasting glucose ≥ 100 mg/dL | HDL < 50 mg/dL | Triglycerides ≥ 150 mg/dL | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Model 1 | Model 2 | Model 1 | Model 2 | Model 1 | Model 2 | Model 1 | Model 2 | Model 1 | Model 2 | Model 1 | Model 2 | |
| OR (95%CI) | OR (95%CI) | OR (95%CI) | OR (95%CI) | OR (95%CI) | OR (95%CI) | OR (95%CI) | OR (95%CI) | OR (95%CI) | OR (95%CI) | OR (95%CI) | OR (95%CI) | |
| Baseline sleep duration (hours) | ||||||||||||
| < 6 | 1.01 (0.83–1.24) | 0.98 (0.80–1.20) | 1.05 (0.87–1.28) | 1.03 (0.84–1.25) | 0.97 (0.80–1.18) | 0.97 (0.79–1.18) | 1.16 (0.94–1.43) | 1.11 (0.89–1.37) | 0.95 (0.77–1.18) | 0.92 (0.74–1.14) | 1.06 (0.86–1.29) | 1.05 (0.85–1.29) |
| 6- < 7 | 1.04 (0.90–1.21) | 1.03 (0.89–1.21) | 1.13 (0.98–1.31) | 1.13 (0.98–1.31) | 0.99 (0.86–1.15) | 0.99 (0.85–1.15) | 0.99 (0.85–1.17) | 0.97 (0.82–1.15) | 1.00 (0.86–1.17) | 1.00 (0.85–1.17) | 1.01 (0.87–1.18) | 1.00 (0.86–1.16) |
| 7- < 8 | ref | ref | ref | ref | ref | ref | ref | ref | ref | ref | ref | ref |
| 8- < 9 | 1.06 (0.90–1.26) | 1.05 (0.89–1.25) | 1.14 (0.97–1.34 | 1.18 (1.01–1.40) | 0.91 (0.77–1.06) | 0.90 (0.77–1.06) | 1.01 (0.84–1.21) | 0.98 (0.82–1.18) | 0.94 (0.79–1.13) | 0.97 (0.81–1.17) | 1.22 (1.04–1.44) | 1.23 (1.05–1.46) |
| ≥ 9 | 1.55 (1.15–2.08) | 1.51 (1.12–2.04) | 1.41 (1.05–1.89) | 1.40 (1.04–1.90) | 1.35 (1.00–1.87) | 1.34 (0.98–1.82) | 1.14 (0.83–1.57) | 1.08 (0.78–1.50) | 1.26 (0.92–1.72) | 1.28 (0.93–1.76) | 1.42 (1.06–1.92) | 1.42 (1.04–1.92) |
| Baseline sleep quality | ||||||||||||
| Insomnia | 1.14 (1.00–1.30) | 1.14 (0.99–1.31) | 1.17 (1.03–1.32) | 1.18 (1.03–1.34) | 1.07 (0.95–1.22) | 1.09 (0.96–1.24) | 1.18 (1.03–1.35) | 1.17 (1.02–1.35) | 1.02 (0.89–1.17) | 1.03 (0.89–1.18) | 1.10 (0.97–1.26) | 1.11 (0.97–1.26) |
Abbreviations: OR Odds ratio, CI Confidence interval, MetS Metabolic syndrome, HDL High density lipoprotein, ref reference group
Model 1 adjusted for age, ethnicity (white, black, other), and study participation (observational vs. clinical trial)
Model 2 adjusted as model 1 plus educational level (less than high school grad, high school grad/some college, college grad, post-college), study participation (observational study, intervention vs. placebo arm of clinical trial), hormone therapy ever, smoking status (never, current and former), pack-years of smoking, alcohol intake (serves/wk), physical activity (MET hours/week), coffee intake (cups/day), depression (≥ 5 short CES-D), age at menopause, and marital status (currently married, never married, divorced, widowed)