Table 13.
Hazard Ratios for Associations Between Air Pollution and Incidence of Acute Coronary Heart Disease, Stroke, Lung Cancer, Asthma, and COPDa, b
| Acute Coronary Heart Disease HR (95% CI) |
Stroke HR (95% CI) |
Lung Cancer HR (95% CI) |
Asthma HR (95% CI) |
COPD HR (95% CI) |
|
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| PM2.5 | 1.02 (0.95, 1.10) | 1.10 (1.01, 1.21) | 1.13 (1.05, 1.23) | 1.22 (1.04, 1.43) | 1.17 (1.06, 1.29) |
| NO2 | 1.04 (1.01, 1.07) | 1.08 (1.04, 1.12) | 1.02 (0.97, 1.07) | 1.17 (1.10, 1.25) | 1.11 (1.06, 1.16) |
| BC | 1.02 (0.99, 1.06) | 1.06 (1.02, 1.10) | 1.02 (0.97, 1.07) | 1.15 (1.08, 1.23) | 1.11 (1.06, 1.15) |
| O3 | 0.94 (0.90, 0.98) | 0.96 (0.91, 1.01) | 0.95 (0.89, 1.02) | 0.90 (0.81, 0.99) | 0.99 (0.93, 1.05) |
a Acute coronary heart disease and stroke, N = 137,148; lung cancer, N = 307,550; asthma, N = 98,326; COPD, N = 98,508. PM2.5 per 5 μ/m3, NO2 per 10 μg/m3, BC per 0.5 × 10-5/m, O3 per 10 μg/m3.
b Hazard ratio adjusted for cohort ID, age, sex, year of baseline visit, smoking (status, duration, intensity, intensity squared), BMI category, marital status, employment status, and 2001 neighborhood-level mean income (acute coronary heart disease, stroke, asthma, and COPD incidence additionally adjusted for educational status).