Table 2.

Within-group and between-group comparisons of lower limb motor function and balance in the RAGT group (n = 20) and control group (n = 20) at preintervention, postintervention, and 3-month follow-up

	RAGT				Control				Pb value	Cohen’s d post	Cohen’s d 3-month
	Pre	Post	3-month follow-up	Pa value	Pre	Post	3-month follow-up	Pa value
MMT	1.7 ± 1.3	2.7 ± 1.5	3.5 ± 1.2	< 0.00*	1.8 ± 1.3	2.5 ± 1.4	3.3 ± 1.0	< 0.00*	0.645	0.14	0.18
AROM	25.0 ± 31.0	43.8 ± 35.6	61.8 ± 34.4	< 0.00*	26.5 ± 28.6	41.8 ± 35.1	60.3 ± 27.8	< 0.00*	0.873	0.06	0.05
FMA-LE	7.0 ± 4.7	12.5 ± 5.8	16.5 ± 7.2	< 0.00*	8.1 ± 4.9	11.5 ± 6.3	13.2 ± 5.9	< 0.00*	0.014*	0.17	0.50
FMA-total	11.4 ± 5.4	17.3 ± 6.9	21.4 ± 8.1	< 0.00*	11.7 ± 5.7	15.8 ± 7.3	17.8 ± 7.0	< 0.00*	0.002*	0.21	0.48
POMA balance subscore	3.2 ± 3.5	8.1 ± 5.6	12.1 ± 4.6	< 0.00*	3.9 ± 3.7	7.9 ± 5.8	11.6 ± 4.8	< 0.00*	0.562	0.04	0.11
PASS	17.1 ± 7.3	25.4 ± 8.3	31.2 ± 5.7	< 0.00*	17.3 ± 9.3	23.6 ± 9.6	30.5 ± 6.7	< 0.00*	0.548	0.20	0.11
BBS	8.2 ± 8.4	22.8 ± 16.7	38.6 ± 15.5	< 0.00*	8.8 ± 9.7	22.4 ± 17.8	34.5 ± 17.0	< 0.00*	0.394	0.02	0.25

Values are expressed as mean ± standard deviation

MMT manual muscle test, AROM active range of motion, FMA-LE Fugl–Meyer Assessment of Lower Extremity (Hip/Knee/Ankle), FMA-total Fugl–Meyer Assessment of Lower Extremity total (Hip/Knee/Ankle, coordination/speed), POMA balance subscore, Tinetti Performance-Oriented Mobility Assessment Balance, PASS Postural Assessment Scale for Stroke, BBS Berg Balance Scale

*P < 0.05 by repeated-measures ANOVA for the within-group and between-group comparisons

^aWithin-group difference at preintervention and postintervention

^bBetween-group difference at preintervention, postintervention, and 3-month follow-up