Table 1.

Demographic and metabolic characteristics of case and control groups, which were defined by changes in fasting blood glucose

	Cases (N = 24)				Controls (N = 34)				P-value
	Baseline		Follow-up		Baseline		Follow-up		Baselinea	Casesb	Controlsc
Male (N, %)	5 (21%)				5 (15%)				0.798
Age at baseline	51.83 ± 11.97				54.12 ± 12.93				0.492
Follow-up time (months)	19.65 ± 13.32				28.70 ± 10.96				0.067
Smokingd	3 (13%)				12 (35%)				0.099
BMI (kg/m2)	35.97	±5.79	37.01	±7.04	32.12	±5.11	31.74	±5.51	0.012	0.580	0.770
Fasting glucose (mg/dl)	109.29	±7.52	138.92	±33.20	104.94	±7.99	99.26	±6.32	0.039	<0.001	0.002

^aBaseline P-values were based on the comparison of the value at baseline between cases and controls, t-test for continuous variables and χ² test for dichotomous variable.

^bComparing the value at baseline and follow-up within case group, paired t-test was applied.

^cComparing the value at baseline and follow-up within control group, paired t-test was applied.

^dMore than 100 cigarettes in participant’s entire life before enrollment.