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. 2022 Sep 15;18(9):e1010713. doi: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1010713

Fig 3. Anti-Tir and anti-intimin VHHs interfere with Tir-intimin binding and pedestal formation.

Fig 3

(a) Several anti-Tir VHHs blocked Tir-intimin binding. Data presented as mean ± SEM. P-values calculated by one-way ANOVA. ** P < 0.01; *** P < 0.001, **** P < 0.0001. (b-j) Anti-Tir and anti-intimin VHHs can inhibit EPEC-mediated pedestal formation (scale bar = 100 μm). HeLa cells were exposed to EPEC incubated with VHH, fixed, and stained with DAPI (blue) and Alexa Fluor-488 Phalloidin (green). Blinded pedestal scores were assigned by a separate researcher.