TABLE 1.

Baseline characteristics of participants.

Characteristic	Total, n = 379, n (%)	Delirium, n = 242, n (%)	No delirium, n = 139, n (%)	P-value
Age, mean ± SD	55.3 ± 14.2	57.3 ± 13.5	51.8 ± 14.8	<0.001${}^{\underset{¯}{a}}$
Man	250 (66%)	158 (65.3%)	92 (66.2%)	0.859
Comorbidity
Chronic cardiac insufficiency	281 (74.1%)	192 (79.3%)	89 (65.0%)	0.002${}^{\underset{¯}{a}}$
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease	14 (3.7%)	9 (3.7%)	5 (3.6%)	0.973
Diabetes	88 (23.2%)	53 (21.9%)	35 (25.5%)	0.419
Chronic renal insufficiency	51 (13.5%)	40 (16.5%)	11 (8.0%)	0.020${}^{\underset{¯}{a}}$
Chronic hepatic insufficiency	7 (1.8%)	2 (0.8%)	5 (3.6%)	0.056
Solid tumor	13 (3.4%)	9 (3.7%)	4 (2.9%)	0.681
Immunologically mediated disease	13 (3.4%)	8 (3.3%)	5 (3.6%)	0.860
Blood diseases	13 (3.4%)	10 (4.1%)	3 (2.2%)	0.318
Emergency surgery	51 (13.5%)	36 (14.9%)	15 (10.9%)	0.282
SOFA score, mean ± SD	8.4 ± 5.4	9.0 ± 5.4	7.3 ± 5.3	0.003${}^{\underset{¯}{a}}$
APACHE II score, mean ± SD	14.2 ± 5.6	15.4 ± 5.7	12.1 ± 4.8	<0.001${}^{\underset{¯}{a}}$
Vital Sign
Temperature, °C, mean ± SD	37.9 ± 0.8	37.9 ± 0.8	37.8 ± 0.7	0.999
Heart rate, bpm, mean ± SD	97.3 ± 14.4	98.2 ± 14.3	95.9 ± 14.6	0.140
Mean arterial pressure, mmHg, mean ± SD	83.5 ± 8.9	83.0 ± 9.1	84.3 ± 8.6	0.172
RR, bpm, mean ± SD	17.1 ± 3.6	17.3 ± 3.7	16.8 ± 3.5	0.203
Lactate, mmol/L, mean ± SD	2.7 ± 2.2	2.8 ± 2.3	2.7 ± 2.0	0.703
ScvO2,%, mean ± SD	73.2 ± 7.1	72.7 ± 7.3	74.1 ± 6.7	0.077
Pv-aCO2 gap, mmHg, mean ± SD	5.2 ± 2.1	5.4 ± 2.2	5.0 ± 2.0	0.165
No. of vasopressor medications, mean ± SD	1.4 ± 1.0	1.5 ± 0.9	1.3 ± 1.0	0.051
Organ function
LVEF,%, mean ± SD	53.2 ± 6.9	52.8 ± 7.5	54.0 ± 5.8	0.116
PaO2/FiO2 Ratio, mmHg, mean ± SD	323.1 ± 136.9	301.7 ± 123.2	360.9 ± 151.5	<0.001${}^{\underset{¯}{a}}$
Serum creatinine, μmol/L, mean ± SD	108.3 ± 91.2	119.2 ± 99.5	89.1 ± 70.7	0.001${}^{\underset{¯}{a}}$
Blood urea nitrogen, μmol/L, mean ± SD	8.4 ± 6.1	9.1 ± 6.3	7.1 ± 5.4	0.002${}^{\underset{¯}{a}}$
ALT, U/L, mean ± SD	39.0 ± 140.9	37.8 ± 103.0	41.1 ± 190.6	0.821
Total bilirubin, μmol/L, mean ± SD	23.2 ± 15.5	24.7 ± 17.2	20.5 ± 11.5	0.012${}^{\underset{¯}{a}}$
Direct bilirubin, μmol/L, mean ± SD	8.8 ± 10.7	9.8 ± 12.4	7.1 ± 6.5	0.006${}^{\underset{¯}{a}}$
Serum amylase, μ/L, mean ± SD	111.6 ± 201.2	119.3 ± 200.9	98.1 ± 201.8	0.327

${}^{\underset{¯}{a}}$Statistically significant (P < 0.05).

SD, standard deviation; SOFA, Sequential Organ Failure Assessment; APACHE II, Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation II; ScvO₂, central venous oxygen saturation; Pv-aCO₂ gap, veno-arterial difference in the partial pressure of carbon dioxide; LVEF, left ventricular ejection fraction; ALT, alanine aminotransferase.