Table 5. Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) critical appraisal checklist for cohort studies.

Adapted from Per et al., 2013 [23]; Tibussek et al., 2013 [24]; Değerliyurt et al., 2014 [25]; Bursztyn et al., 2014 [26]; Sheldon et al., 2016 [27]; Matthews et al., 2017 [28]; and Mahajnah et al., 2020 [29]. N/A: not applicable.

	Per et al. 2013 [23]	Tibussek et al. 2013 [24]	Değerliyurt et al. 2014 [25]	Bursztyn et al. 2014 [26]	Sheldon et al. 2016 [27]	Matthews et al. 2017 [28]	Mahajnah et al. 2020 [29]
1. Were the two groups similar and recruited from the same population?	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes
2. Were the exposures measured similarly to assign people to both exposed and unexposed groups?	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes
3. Was the exposure measured in a standard, reliable and valid way?	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes
4. Were confounding factors identified?	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes
5. Were strategies to deal with confounding factors stated?	Unclear	Yes	Unclear	Unclear	Yes	Unclear	Yes
6. Were the groups/participants free of the outcome at the start of the study (or at the moment of exposure)?	No	No	No	No	No	No	No
7. Were the outcomes measured in a reliable and valid way?	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes
8. Was the follow-up time reported sufficient to be long enough for outcomes to occur?	Yes	Yes	Yes	N/A	N/A	Yes	N/A
9. Was follow-up complete, and if not, were the reasons for loss to follow-up described and explored?	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes
10. Were strategies to address incomplete follow-up utilized?	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A
11. Was appropriate statistical analysis used?	Unclear	Unclear	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Unclear
12. Quality evaluation	Include	Include	Include	Include	Include	Include	Include