Table 3.
Multivariable models.
| Model 1 | Model 2 | Model 3 | Model 4 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Variable | OR (95% CI)1 | OR (95% CI)1 | OR (95% CI)1 | OR (95% CI)1 |
| Age group | ||||
| <60 | – | – | – | – |
| 60–69 | 0.32* (0.13, 0.77) | 0.40* (0.17, 0.90) | 0.40* (0.16, 0.95) | 0.43 (0.18, 1.00) |
| 70+ | 0.18** (0.06, 0.52) | 0.21** (0.08, 0.55) | 0.21** (0.07, 0.59) | 0.24** (0.09, 0.67) |
| Female | 0.75 (0.37, 1.50) | 0.95 (0.51, 1.79) | 0.77 (0.40, 1.51) | 0.90 (0.47, 1.74) |
| Race | ||||
| Non-Hispanic White | – | – | – | – |
| Non-Hispanic Black | 2.2* (1.05, 4.74) | 2.2* (1.10, 4.33) | 2.5* (1.19, 5.20) | 2.3* (1.12, 4.78) |
| Hispanic/Latino | 0.60 (0.21, 1.63) | 0.83 (0.31, 2.08) | 0.71 (0.26, 1.83) | 0.86 (0.32, 2.22) |
| Other | 0.76 (0.11, 3.40) | 0.76 (0.11, 3.13) | 0.36 (0.02, 2.24) | 0.41 (0.02, 2.45) |
| Education | ||||
| High school grad or less | – | – | --- | --- |
| Some college/technical school | 1.3 (0.57, 3.27) | 1.2 (0.52, 2.65) | 1.1 (0.45, 2.53) | 1.1 (0.49, 2.71) |
| College grad or higher | 1.8 (0.79, 4.48) | 1.3 (0.58, 2.86) | 1.5 (0.67, 3.57) | 1.3 (0.58, 3.08) |
| Below poverty level | 0.63 (0.29, 1.35) | 0.64 (0.31, 1.31) | 0.78 (0.36, 1.64) | 0.70 (0.32, 1.46) |
| Hazardous drinking | 0.80 (0.43, 1.51) | 0.91 (0.51, 1.64) | 0.88 (0.48, 1.65) | 0.92 (0.50, 1.73) |
| Low physical function 2 | 2.9** (1.43, 5.90) | 3.3*** (1.76, 6.46) | 2.6** (1.30, 5.34) | 2.4* (1.20, 4.84) |
| COVID-19 vaccination 3 | 0.43* (0.19, 0.92) | 0.52 (0.24, 1.06) | 0.34* (0.14, 0.77) | 0.36* (0.15, 0.80) |
| PSS moderate/high stress 4 | 6.6*** (3.50, 13.1) | |||
| Stressed | 2.7** (1.32, 5.29) | |||
| Depression 5 | 4.7*** (2.51, 9.16) | |||
| Anxiety 6 | 3.7*** (2.05, 6.72) |
Multivariable models including the parent study, age, sex, race, education, poverty, hazardous drinking, low physical function, COVID-19 vaccination, and one of the measures of psychological distress (moderate-to-high level of perceived stress, COVID-19-specific stress, depression symptoms, anxiety symptoms) are summarized.
All models included the parent study as a covariate. OR = odds ratio; CI = confidence interval.
1
*
P< .05;
**
P< .01;
***
P< .001.
2
PROMIS Physical Function T-score < 45.
3
Received at least one dose of COVID-19 vaccine.
4
PSS = Perceived Stress Scale.
5
PROMIS Depression T-score > 55.
6
PROMIS Anxiety T-score > 55.