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. 2022 Sep 14;609(7927):529–534. doi: 10.1038/s41586-022-04981-x

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© The Author(s) 2022

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Extended Data Fig. 10 — Time-averaged volcanic gas CO₂/S ratios versus mean whole-rock Sr/Sm and Sr/Nd ratios for a global population of plume-related (MOR and intraplate) and continental rift volcanoes⁶¹, and for Fagradalsfjall (this study; Supplementary Tables 3 and 12). The gas/trace element composition of the Depleted MORB Mantle (DMM) is from ref. ⁶¹. These correlations are evidence for that closed-system degassing behavior has prevailed until shallow magmatic levels, and that the volcanic gas CO₂/S ratio can thus be used to infer the parental melt CO₂ concentration.

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