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. 2022 Sep 15;5:969. doi: 10.1038/s42003-022-03871-2

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© The Author(s) 2022

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Fig. 3 — a Schematic of swine cardiac tissue harvesting and CM isolation. b Representative recordings of membrane current (I_M) showing I_Ca,L in atrial and ventricular (vent.) CMs. Inset: Voltage protocol. c Peak I_Ca,L density measured at +10 mV. d Current–voltage (I–V) relationship curves for I_Ca,L in atrial (n = 71) and ventricular (n = 26) CMs. e Voltage protocols for I–V/activation experiments and S1/S2 voltage protocols for I_Ca,L inactivation. Graph shows I_Ca,L activation (G/G_max) in atrial (n = 71) and ventricular (n = 26) CMs, with corresponding inactivation(I/I_max) curves in atrial (n = 15) and ventricular (n = 6) CMs. f Activation kinetics of I_Ca,L at +10 mV expressed as a time to peak amplitude. g Representative concentration-dependent response to nifedipine (Nif) application in I_Ca,L current with a time course of average I_Ca,L from a single plate following nifedipine application (n = 10). h Concentration-response curve of I_Ca,L (normalized to the current amplitude at the full block with 5 µM Nif) following nifedpine application in atrial and ventricular CMs with corresponding half maximal effective concentration (EC50). I Biphasic inactivation kinetics of I_Ca,L at +10 mV expressed as fast decay (^τfast) and slow decay (^τslow). Data are mean ± SEM from three animals. *P < 0.05 vs. ventricular. n = number of atrial (176) and ventricular (58) CMs from 3 animals (c, f, i) or atrial (94) and Ventricular (39) (h).