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. 2022 Sep 15;5:969. doi: 10.1038/s42003-022-03871-2

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© The Author(s) 2022

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Fig. 4 — a Representative traces membrane voltage (V_M) showing atrial and ventricular (vent.) triggered APs during successive increases in pulse current injection. Insets: current protocol. b Current at which AP take-off was first observed. c AP duration at 50% repolarization (APD₅₀). d Resting membrane potential (RMP) quantification. e Representative traces of AP trains at 1 Hz show stable RMP between pulses. Data are mean ± SEM. *P < 0.05 vs. ventricular. n = number of atrial (127) and ventricular (45) CMs from 3 animals (b–d).