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. 2022 Aug 16;36(9):951–975. doi: 10.1007/s40263-022-00940-2

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© The Author(s) 2022

Open AccessThis article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License, which permits any non-commercial use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/.

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Fig. 1 — Overview of the structural forms of the benzodiazepines diazepam, lorazepam, midazolam and clonazepam, which are discussed in this review. Even though the benzodiazepines are structurally very similar and closely related, their different pharmacological and pharmacokinetic properties result in relevant differences that are of particular importance when considering various delivery routes. All structural forms displayed have been released into the public domain by their creators