Fig. 2.

Mean time from drug administration to cessation of status epilepticus (SE) in minutes is displayed for different delivery routes, based on literature research, as far as available (n.a. = not available). Intravenous (i.v.) administration showed the fastest onset of action with a latency of less than 3 min, followed by intranasal (i.n.) and intramuscular (i.m.) administration, as well as buccal and rectal delivery. Due to the heterogeneous patient populations and study settings, the displayed values should only serve as a basic guidance [48, 50, 51, 146, 186–190]. MDZ midazolam, LZP lorazepam, DZP diazepam, CZP clonazepam