Table 6.
Summarized results of the impact of Ramadan diurnal fasting on body weight, BMI, calorie intake and macronutrients.
| References | Participants | Country | Results | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Body weight/BMI | Calorie intake | Macronutrients | |||
| Rahman et al. (36) | 20 males (healthy) | Bangladesh | Decreased in Ramadan | – | – |
| Sadiya et al. (37) | Nine males and 14 females (patients with metabolic syndrome | UAE | Decreased after Ramadan | – | – |
| Hosseini et al. (38) | 22 females (healthy) | Iran | Decreased at the end of Ramadan | – | – |
| Savas et al. (39) | 34 females (obese) | Turkey | No difference before and after Ramadan | – | – |
| Yeoh et al. (40) | 23 males and females (patients with T2D) | Singapore | No change at the end of Ramadan | – | – |
| Hammoud et al. (41) | 30 males and 28 females (patients with hypertension) | Lebanon | No change in females, decrease in males | – | – |
| Lamri-Senhadji et al. (33) | 22 males and 24 females (healthy) | Algeria | – | Increased in Ramadan | High CHO, no change in protein and fat |
| Vasan et al. (34) | 70 males and females (patients with T2D) | India | – | Increased in Ramadan | Increased in Ramadan |
| Shalaei et al. (35) | 119 males and 147 females (healthy) | Iran | – | Increased in Ramadan | Increased in Ramadan |
| Eltoum et al. (19) | 54 adolescents (patients with T1D) | Saudi Arabia | – | Increased in Ramadan | Increased in Ramadan |
| Kocaaga et al. (15) | 31 males (healthy) | Turkey | – | Decreased in Ramadan | Decreased in CHO and protein, no change in fat |
CHO, Carbohydrate.