TABLE 1.
Utilization of bacterial endophytes to improve stress tolerance response of host plants.
| Sr. no. | Bacterial endophytes | Crops/plant | Mode of action/mechanism | Genes | References |
| 1. | Bacillus subtilis | Arabidopsis thaliana | Increased production of proline | proBA | Chen et al., 2007 |
| 2. | Arthrobacter sp. EZB4 and Bacillus sp. EZB8 | Pepper (Capsicuum annuum L.) | downregulation of the stress-inducible genes | CaACCO and CaLTPI | Sziderics et al., 2007 |
| 3. | Bacillus licheniformis K11 | Pepper (Capsicum annuum) | Production of auxin and ACC deaminase by regulation of stress related genes | Cadhn, VA, sHSP and CaPR-10. | Lim and Kim, 2013 |
| 4. | Azospirillum brasilense N040 and Bacillus amyloliquefaciens 5113 | Wheat (Triticum aestivum) | Reduced levels of ascorbate peroxidase (APX1), S-adenosyl-methionine synthetase (SAMS1), and the heat shock protein (HSP17.8) | APX1, SAMS1, HSP17.8 | Kasim et al., 2013 |
| 5. | Pseudomonas aeruginosa strain GGRJ21 | Mung Bean (Vigna radiata) | Up regulation of drought stress responsive genes | DREB2A, CAT1, and DHN | Sarma and Saikia, 2014 |
| 6. | Gluconacetobacter diazotrophicus | Saccharum officinarum cv. SP70-1143 | IAA and proline production | ERD15 DREB1A/CBF3 and DREB1B/CBF | Vargas et al., 2014 |
| 7. | Burkholderia phytofirmans PsJN | Solanum tuberosum L. | Upregulation of cellular homeostasis, and the detoxification of reactive oxygen species | Extracytoplasmatic function (ECF) group IV sigma factors | Sheibani-Tezerji et al., 2015 |
| 8. | Pseudomonas fluorescence RG11 Micrococcus | Upregulation of melatonin and its intermediates (tryptamine, 5-hydroxytryptophan, serotonin, and N-acetylserotonin) | VvTDC1, VvTDC2, VvTDC3, VvSNAT | Jiao et al., 2016 | |
| 9. | Pseudomonas fluorescens, Enterobacter hormaechei, and Pseudomonas migulae | Foxtail millet (Setaria italica L.) | up-regulation of 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carbox- ylate (ACC) deaminase gene (acdS) which cleaves the precursor of ethylene (ACC) | acdS | Niu et al., 2018 |
| 10. | Bacillus Subtilis and Paenibacillus illinoinensis | Pepper (Capsicuum annuum L.) | Increases the vacuolar osmotic pressure | H+-PPase (V-PPase) | Vigani et al., 2019 |
| 11. | Streptomyces chartreusis WZS021 | Sugarcane | Modulation of root parameters, osmotic adjustment, phytohormone production | proDH, Xanthine dehydrogenase | Wang et al., 2019 |
| 12. | Cellulosimicrobium sp. JZ28 | Desert plant (Panicum turgidum) | Osmotic adjustment | nhaA, cspA, groEL, groES, dnaK, lexA, proABC | Eida et al., 2020b |