Table 1.

Background characteristics of study population, LASI Wave 1 (2017–2018).

Variable	Labels	Frequency	Percent	Depressive symptoms
Sex	Male	28,837	45.57	25.16
	Female	33,407	54.43	29.96
Age at last birthday	45–59	32,707	50.35	25.94
	60–69	18,062	29.62	28.51
	70–79	8504	14.78	30.60
	80+	2971	5.25	33.27
Marital status	Currently married	46,977	74.14	25.29
	Widowed/divorced/separated	15,267	25.86	34.88
Tobacco smoke	Never smoked	39,449	62.93	27.77
	Ever smoked	22,795	37.07	27.78
Consume alcohol	Never	51,014	84.86	28.16
	Ever	11,230	15.14	25.60
Years of schooling	No formal education	29,188	50.69	31.61
	1–5 years of education	11,386	17.37	26.92
	6–9 years of education	9859	14.08	23.76
	10 and above years of education	11,811	17.87	20.89
Wealth quintile	Poor	24,860	42.40	28.45
	Middle	12,519	20.46	28.95
	Rich	24,865	37.14	26.35
Self-rated health	Good	26,001	38.15	20.39
	Fair	25,983	44.10	28.04
	Poor	10,260	17.75	42.96
Place of residence	Rural	40,425	69.05	28.54
	Urban	21,819	30.95	26.05
Region	North	11,437	12.52	25.64
	Central	8447	18.14	28.39
	East	10,463	21.39	28.24
	North–East	6260	1.18	15.14
	West	8244	19.74	33.55
	South	17,393	27.03	24.31
Religion	Hindu	45,681	82.20	28.02
	Muslim	7358	11.26	29.57
	Christian	6257	3.02	23.41
	Others	2948	3.52	19.92
Caste	SC	10,422	19.28	31.37
	ST	10,915	8.68	25.61
	OBC	23,376	45.39	28.11
	Others	17,531	26.65	25.29
Living arrangement	Living alone	2169	3.66	44.02
	Living with spouse	45,765	72.64	25.30
	With other than spouse	14,310	23.71	32.83
Chronic conditions	Hypertension	17,681	27.19	30.34
	Diabetes	7916	12.25	27.11
	Cancer	407	0.62	32.62
	Chronic lung disease	3425	6.24	35.13
	Chronic heart disease	2188	3.70	28.51
	Stroke	984	1.71	41.80
	Joint disease	8824	15.45	33.61
	High cholesterol	2144	1.19	23.58
Number of chronic morbidity	No morbidity	34,042	55.10	25.69
	Only one morbidity	17,067	27.21	28.91
	Only two morbidity	7888	12.56	32.77
	3 or more morbidity	3247	5.12	31.94
Total		62,244		27.77

Total, N = 62,244, percentage distribution are weighted.