Table 1.

Characteristics of the study participants according to the status of depressive symptoms and sleep disturbance.

	Overall	Neither condition (n = 876)	Depressive symptoms alone (n = 152)	Sleep disturbance alone (n = 208)	Both conditions (n = 138)
Age, y, mean (SD)	70.7 (3.0)	70.5 (3.0)	70.8 (3.1)	71.2 (2.9)*	71.2 (3.1)
Women, %	48.8	46.4	52.6	50.0	58.0*
Educational level, <10 y, %	13.9	11.0	18.4*	19.2*	19.6*
Employment status, employed, %	35.9	38.1	35.5	33.2	26.8*
Subjective economic status, low, %	51.8	46.4	64.2†	55.1*	67.7†
Comorbidities %	69.1	66.8	74.3	70.2	76.1*
Osteoporosis, %	7.9	7.0	10.5	9.1	9.4
Hypertension, %	42.4	42.2	40.8	45.2	41.3
Hyperlipidemia, %	30.4	29.2	30.3	29.8	38.4*
Diabetes mellitus, %	16.2	15.9	15.8	16.8	18.1
Stroke, %	4.7	3.4	7.9*	6.7*	5.8
Cardiovascular disease, %	11.4	9.9	11.2	14.4	16.7*
Current smoking, %	9.9	9.9	12.5	8.2	9.5
Current drinking, %	51.1	53.0	48.7	48.1	45.7
Regular exercise, ≥3 times/wk, %	65.1	66.6	65.1	66.0	54.7*
Living alone, %	10.3	9.7	12.6	12.0	8.7
No. of communications with someone per month, none, %	17.3	15.8	23.7*	15.4	22.5
Experiences of bereavement, %	46.7	45.4	43.4	49.5	54.4

^*P < 0.05.

^†P < 0.001 vs neither-condition group.