Analysis of substrates and products for the ASNS reaction in fibroblasts incubated in the presence or absence of Asn. Primary cultures of fibroblasts from the ASNSD family and a nonrelated WT fibroblast cell line were incubated in DMEM ± Asn for 24 h. Cell extracts (A) and the extracellular media (B) were collected for amino acid analysis by GC-MS. The results for Asn, Asp, Gln, and Glu are presented as “arbitrary units,” calculated as the averages of triplicate determinations ± SDs of the relative amount of each amino acid per 106 cells. To better illustrate the changes in Asn, the ratios of the values for DMEM-Asn/DMEM+Asn were calculated and are shown as an insert. Where not shown, the SD marks are within the bar. An asterisk indicates that the p value was ≤ 0.05 compared to the value obtained for the WT cells. ASNS, asparagine synthetase.