TABLE 3.

Hazard ratios (95%CI) of incident stroke by sleep duration and daytime napping.

Variable	N case/total	Incidence rates,% (95%CI)	Incident stroke, adjusted HR (95%CI)
			Univariate model	Age and gender adjusted	Multivariable adjusted†	Multivariable adjusted‡
Nighttime sleep duration, hours/night
≤6 h	77/3,206	2.40 (1.90,2.99)	1.51 (1.05, 2.16) *	1.41 (0.98, 2.02)	1.65 (1.04, 2.61) *	1.65 (1.04, 2.61) *
6 to ≤8 h	49/3,065	1.60 (1.19, 2.11)	1.000	1.000	1.000	1.000
>8 h	10/606	1.65 (0.79,3.01)	1.04 (0.52, 2.04)	1.02 (0.52, 2.01)	1.39 (0.65, 2.94)	1.38 (0.65, 2.93)
Daytime napping, minutes
0	66/3,148	2.10 (1.63, 2.66)	1.11 (0.77, 1.61)	1.18 (0.81, 1.73)	1.36 (0.85, 2.16)	1.36 (0.86, 2.18)
1 to ≤60 min	48/2,543	1.89 (1.39, 2.49)	1.000	1.000	1.000	1.000
>60 min	22/1,186	1.85 (1.17, 2.80)	0.98 (0.59, 1.63)	0.90 (0.54, 1.51)	0.94 (0.49, 1.82)	0.94 (0.49, 1.82)
Total sleep duration, hours/day
<7 h	62/2,443	2.54 (1.95, 3.24)	1.53 (1.07, 2.18) *	1.52 (1.06, 2.18) *	1.61 (1.03, 2.52) *	1.62 (1.03, 2.53) *
7 to ≤9 h	60/3,598	1.67 (1.27, 2.14)	1.000	1.000	1.000	1.000
>9 h	14/836	1.67 (0.92, 2.79)	1.01 (0.56, 1.80)	0.98 (0.54, 1.75)	1.11 (0.56, 2.18)	1.11 (0.56, 2.17)

HR, hazard ratio; CI, confidence interval. *P < 0.05.

^†Adjusted for age, gender, educational level, marital status, area of residence, and behaviors including smoking, drinking, and physical activity.

^‡Adjusted for age, gender, educational level, marital status, area of residence, behaviors including smoking, drinking, and physical activity, along with additional adjustment for self-reported diagnosis of stroke, dyslipidemia, hypertension, diabetes or high blood sugar, BMI, waist circumference, triglycerides, HDL-C, systolic and diastolic blood pressure, fasting plasma glucose and HbA1c levels.

Bold values indicate the positive results of the study.