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. 2022 Sep 2;13:975986. doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.975986

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Copyright © 2022 Fang, Zhou, Liang, Yang, Luan, Xiao, Li, Zhang, Shang, Zeng and Yuan

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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The mechanism of immune resistance in EC. IL-6, interleukin-6; IL-17, interleukin-17; PD-1, programmed cell death protein 1; PD-L1, programmed cell death ligand 1; CTLA-4, cytotoxic T lymphocyte-associated protein 4; CCR4, C–C chemokine receptor type 4; CCL2, C–C motif ligand 2; CCL17, C–C motif ligand 17; CCL20, C–C motif ligand 20; CCL22, C–C motif ligand 22; TGF-β, transforming growth factor-β; TIM-3, T cell immunoglobulin and mucin-domain containing-3; LAG-3, lymphocyte-activation gene 3; IFN-γ, interferon-γ; MHC-I, major histocompatibility complex class I; ALDH-1, aldehyde dehydrogenase 1; SIRPα, signal regulatory protein alpha; JAK1, Janus kinase 1; JAK2, Janus kinase 2; Treg, regulatory T cell; CAF, cancer-associated fibroblast; DC, dendritic cell; NK, natural killer; Th17, T helper 17; MDSC, myeloid-derived suppressor cell.