Table 4.
Cox proportional-hazards regression analysis, evaluating factors associated with decompensated cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma diagnosis (2009-2018) among people with an HBV notification (1993-2017), n = 60,660.
| Characteristic, n % | DC |
HCC |
||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| n = 668∗ | aHR | 95% CI | p value | n = 606∗ | aHR | 95% CI | p value | |
| Birth cohort | ||||||||
| Born ≥1965 | 167 (1) | 1.00 | 94 (<1) | 1.00 | ||||
| Born 1945-1964 | 381 (2) | 2.07 | 1.70–2.52 | <0.001 | 386 (2) | 3.69 | 2.90–4.68 | <0.001 |
| Born ≤1944 | 120 (2) | 2.06 | 1.57–2.69 | <0.001 | 125 (3) | 3.94 | 2.91–5.32 | <0.001 |
| Sex | ||||||||
| Female | 161 (1) | 1.00 | 104(<1) | 1.00 | ||||
| Male | 505 (2) | 1.94 | 1.60–2.31 | <0.001 | 498 (2) | 3.79 | 3.05–4.71 | <0.001 |
| Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander | ||||||||
| No | 599 (1) | 1.00 | 576 (1) | 1.00 | ||||
| Yes | 65 (3) | 0.88 | 0.66–1.18 | 0.417 | 17 (1) | 0.78 | 0.46–1.32 | 0.362 |
| Country of birth | ||||||||
| Australia | 229 (3) | 1.00 | 80 (1) | 1.00 | ||||
| Americas, Europe, New Zealand | 104 (3) | 1.00 | 0.77–1.29 | 0.995 | 73 (2) | 1.60 | 1.12–2.27 | 0.008 |
| Africa | 18 (1) | 1.18 | 0.72–1.93 | 0.505 | 20 (1) | 3.12 | 1.85–5.26 | <0.001 |
| East Asia | 116 (1) | 1.14 | 0.87–1.50 | 0.331 | 188 (2) | 3.73 | 2.70–5.15 | <0.001 |
| Oceania and Southeast Asia | 163 (1) | 1.11 | 0.87–1.42 | 0.361 | 213 (2) | 3.05 | 2.24–4.15 | <0.001 |
| Western Asia | 35 (1) | 0.87 | 0.59–1.29 | 0.510 | 26 (1) | 1.48 | 0.93–2.37 | 0.096 |
| Co-infection with HCV | ||||||||
| No | 494 (1) | 1.00 | 518 (1) | 1.00 | ||||
| Yes | 174 (4) | 1.88 | 1.53–2.31 | <0.001 | 87 (2) | 2.06 | 1.59–2.66 | <0.001 |
| LHD of residence at HBV | ||||||||
| Rural NSW | 110 (2) | 1.00 | 53 (1) | 1.00 | ||||
| Outer metro NSW | 312 (1) | 1.22 | 0.97–1.55 | 0.092 | 293 (1) | 1.26 | 0.91–1.75 | 0.152 |
| Metro NSW | 235 (1) | 0.99 | 0.77–1.27 | 0.981 | 252 (1) | 1.13 | 0.81–1.57 | 0.442 |
| History of alcohol use disorder | ||||||||
| No | 453 (1) | 1.00 | 530 (1) | 1.00 | ||||
| Yes | 215 (9) | 4.82 | 3.96–5.87 | <0.001 | 75 (3) | 2.18 | 1.66–2.86 | <0.001 |
| †Charlson comorbidity index | ||||||||
| 0 | 133 (1) | 1.00 | 292 (1) | 1.00 | ||||
| 1-2 | 219 (5) | 3.74 | 3.04–4.60 | <0.001 | 99 (2) | 1.73 | 1.37–2.20 | <0.001 |
| 3+ | 316 (9) | 10.29 | 8.46–12.51 | <0.001 | 210 (7) | 6.23 | 5.11–7.59 | <0.001 |
Levels of significance: p <0.05 (cox proportional-hazards regression analyses).
aHR, adjusted hazard ratio; DC, decompensated cirrhosis; HCC, hepatocellular carcinoma; LHD, local health district; NSW, New South Wales.
∗
Missing values were included in all adjusted models.
†
Charlson comorbidity index score indicates degree of health; higher scores indicate worse health condition.