Table 3.

Recombinant protease inhibitor genes used to engineer plants for biotic and abiotic stress resistance originating from plants, bacteria, and fungi.

Recombinant protease inhibitor gene	Target protein	Inhibitory mechanism	Engineered crop	References
Alpha-1-antitrypsin	Trypsin	Tight binding	Tomato	Agarwal et al., 2008
Serpin	Cysteine/ papain	Trapping	Rice	Singh et al., 2016
Aprotinin	Chymotrypsin	Tight binging	Corn	Sabotic and Kos 2012
Carboxypeptidase Y inhibitor	Serine carboxypeptidase Y	Phospholipid binding	Tomato	Abdeen et al., 2005
CpTI	Trypsin	Tight binding	Soybean	Clemente et al., 2019
Pot PI-I	Proteinase	Tight binding	Cotton	Dunse et al., 2010
Pot PI-II	Proteinase	Tight binding	Cotton	Dunse et al., 2010
Kunitz trypsin-inhibitor-3	Trypsin	Tight binding	Tobacco	do Amaral et al., 2022
OC-1	Cysteine	Tight binding	Soybean	Mangena 2020
CMe	Trypsin	Tight binding	Rice	Alfonso-Rubi et al., 2003