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. 2022 Sep 2;10:971739. doi: 10.3389/fbioe.2022.971739

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Copyright © 2022 Kwon, Jo, Song, Lee, Jeon, Park, Kim, Baek, Kim, Kwon, Kim, Yang and Kim.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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(A) Comparison of oxygen concentration in the host-anaerobe coculture and aerobic medium compartments in the MIMICS. (B) Comparison of the viability of C. difficile cultured with Caco-2 cells in MIMICS for 0, 12, 24, and 48 h. (C) Production of toxins A and B at 12, 24, and 48 h. (D) Comparison of the viability of Caco-2 cells according to coculture with C. difficile at 0, 12, 24, and 48 h compared to the control. Control means monoculture of Caco-2 cells. The error bars represent the standard deviation of triplicate samples. *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, ***p < 0.001.